Fully coupled atmospheric hydrological modelling

XXXV CONVEGNO NAZIONALE DI IDRAULICA
E COSTRUZIONI IDRAULICHE
Bologna, 14-16 Settembre 2016
Fully-coupled atmospheric-hydrological
modeling: overview of case studies at different
time scales and climates
A. Senatore1, G. Mendicino1, B. Fersch2, T. Rummler3, H. Kunstmann2,3 & D.J. Gochis4
1Dipartimento di Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorio e Ingegneria Chimica, Università della Calabria; 2Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; 3University of Augsburg, Institute of Geography, Augsburg,
Germany; 4National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
alfonso.senatore@unical.it
CRITERI, METODI E MODELLI PER L’ANALISI DEI PROCESSI
IDROLOGICI E LA GESTIONE DELLE ACQUE
Modellazione integrata di sistemi idrologici

Forcing
data from
WRF (P,
T...)
WRF-Hydro (with LSM)
SH, LH from
Hydro+LSM
SH, LH
from
WRF
Surface
+
Hydrological
model
SH
LH
P
One-way coupling vs. Fully-coupling
Soil moisture
evolution
SM
SM
One-way vs. two-way coupling

One-way vs. two-way coupling
• What should we expect?
WRF vs. WRF-Hydro
Soillayers
Re-infiltration
more soil
moisture
more
runoff
generation

WRF-Hydro architecture

1. Long time scale simulation over the Crati
River Basin
2. Short-range simulations concerning two
extreme events in southern Italy
3. Closing the atmospheric and terrestrial
water and energy cycles in the ScaleX
experiment
Test cases

45 rain gauges (10)
35 thermometers (11)
11 radiometers (3)
12 hygrometers (5)
8 anemometers (2)
6 barometers (2)
Senatore A., Mendicino G., Gochis D.J, Yu W., Yates D.N., Kunstmann H., “Fully coupled atmosphere-hydrology simulations for the
Central Mediterranean: Impact of enhanced hydrological parameterization for short- and long-timescales”. Journal of Advances in
Modeling Earth Systems, 7(4), pp. 1693–1715, 2015.
Impact on long and short-timescales
“Crati @ S. Sofia” gauging station
1281 km2
250 m horizontal resolution
Hmax = 1856 m
Hmean = 672 m
Hmin = 49 m
mean precipitation 1200 mm
mean temperature 11.9 °C
3-year analysis: Nov 2002 – Sep 2005

Surface runoff
Deep drainage
LE
H
Soil moisture 1st layer - Aug 31, 2003, 13:00
WRF-only WRF-Hydro
Mean SMC = 0.126 Mean SMC = 0.143
WRF-only WRF-Hydro
LE - Aug 31, 2003, 13:00

WRF WRF-H
MODIS
Inland cells
Models vs. MODIS LST – Aug 31, 2003
Soil moisture feedback on precipitation

Rainfall - Jul 26, 2004
WRF WRF-Hydro

Rainfall - Jul 26, 2004
WRF WRF-Hydro
Western
station
Eastern
station

1. Long time scale simulation over the Crati
River Basin
2. Short-range simulations concerning some
extreme events in southern Italy
3. Closing the atmospheric and terrestrial
water and energy cycles in the ScaleX
experiment
Test cases

• Microphysics: Purdue Lin
• PBL: MYJ
• Cumulus : Kain-Fritsch
• RRTM for lw radiation
• Dudhia scheme for sw radiation
• Unified Noah LSM
Forcing: NCEP GFS 0.25° and 0.5° Global Forecast Grids
Main WRF Model Physical Options:
Hires grid:
200 m hor. res.
(2000 x 2000)
Oct 30th – Nov
2nd 2015
10 km hor. res. (205 x 187 grid points) 2 km hor. res. (200 x 200 grid points)
D01 D02
Case study

Up to almost 400 mm
recorded in 24 h
Case study

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
mm
mm
Oriolo
Obs
20151030
20151030_0.5
Obs cum
20151030 cum
20151030_0.5 cum
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
mm
mm
Chiaravalle Centrale
Obs
20151030
20151030_0.5
Obs cum
20151030 cum
20151030_0.5 cum
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
mm
mm
Sant'Agata del Bianco
Obs
20151030
20151030_0.5
Obs cum
20151030 cum
20151030_0.5 cum
Starting day: Oct 30th
GFS 0.25°
GFS 0.50°
Ancinale
Bonamico
Case study Preliminary results

Ancinale
Bonamico
20151030 - 1
20151030_0.5 - 1
20151030 - 2
20151030_0.5 - 2
20151030
20151030_0.5

TERENO prealpine
TERENO: Terrestrial Environmental Observatories
Research Infrastructure for
Hydrometeorological Observation and
Modeling across Compartments and Scales
• Operational since 2009
• Infrastructure open to be accessed by
groups worldwide
• Interdisciplinary approach
HYDROLOGY CLIMATE
SOCIO-
ECONOMY
BIOLOGY
SOIL
SCIENCE
GROUND, AIR &
SPACEBORNE
OBSERVING SYSTEMS

TERENO Infrastructure (continuous)
• 3 EC towers: momentum, heat,
H2O, CO2,, N2O, CH4 fluxes
• 36 Lysimeters: soil water balance,
GHG (N2O, CO2, CH4)
• 1 X-Band precipitation radar
• Climate stations & precip. transect
• Streamflow measurements
• Local soil moisture network
55 gauges, three depths
TERENO-preAlpine: Ammer & Rott Catchments

ScaleX experiment – June-July 2015
Radio acoustic sounding (RASS) wind & temperature profile, vertical velocity variance, range: 20 - 560 m, 10 min means
Doppler LIDAR (3) 3-D wind and turbulence profile, range up to 1000 m in 18 m increments, 1 to 3 min means
Passive microwave and infrared
radiometer
Temperature and humidity profiles, integrated water vapor (IWV) and liquid water path
(LWP) and cloud base temperature
Hexacopter payload sensors for: relative humidity, air temperature, air pressure
Quadrocopter swarm (3) payload sensors for: relative humidity, air temperature, air pressure
Fixed wing UAVs (3) payload sensors for: relative humidity, air temperature, air pressure, wind
Microlight aircraft D-MIFU Temperature, dewpoint and aerosol profiles, turbulent fluxes, radiation (UV-IR)
Rain gauges (5 groups of 3) precipitation amount
DWD C-band radar precipitation distribution and quality
Micro rain radar vertical profiles of rain rate, drop size distribution
Disdrometers (2) drop size distribution, rain rate
Cavity ring down (CRD)
spectrometer
isotopic composition (18O-H2O and 2H-H2O) of precipitation, groundwater and streamflow
TERENO Rover soil water content; vehicle-based CRNS
F-SAR top soil water content
Big chamber CH4 soil flux; static chamber principle (dimensions: 10 m x 2.60 m, max. height 0.61 m)
Trace Gas Analyzer CH4 and H2O concentrations
Wind sensor network
(3 locations)
Wind and turbulence (profile at 1(s), 5(s), 10(a) m; two stations (s) (t) at 3 m height)
CRD spectrometer CH4, N2O and CO2 concentrations
Open path methane analyzer Line averaged methane mixing ratios
http://www.imk-ifu.kit.edu/scalex.php

Closing the water and energy cycles with WRF-Hydro

Closing the water and energy cycles with WRF-Hydro
Observed air
temperature profiles
WRF-Hydro simulated
air temperature profiles

• Huge potential for unified, mass and energy-conserving
modeling of the full regional water cycle at long (e.g.
climate change analyses) and short (e.g. required by Civil
Protection Agencies) time scales
• WRF-Hydro can be operationally used for joint weather-
hydrology forecasts in small Southern Italian catchments,
but much more detailed analyses are still needed
– Sea-atmosphere interactions
– New boundary conditions (ECMWF)
– …
• WRF-Hydro is an ideal tool for addressing questions on
energy- and water-cycling within the TERENO-Ammer
region at a very high scale and degree of integration
Conclusions

Fully coupled atmospheric hydrological modelling

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