A workshop to introduce everyone to manual robots, autonomous robots and robotic circuits while delving into the world of IoT with fun quiz segments and prizes.

1. We’ll be getting
started shortly!
Understanding Robotics: An introduction
to the world of robotics and IoT

3. Battery mAh: Milli-Amp-Hour, a measure of the capacity of a battery. More the mAh,
longer the battery lasts.
Wattage: The amount of Electrical power expressed in watts (W).
Capacitors: Passive electronic component that stores electrical energy in an
electrical field.
Diodes: Two-terminal electrical component which allows current to flow in one
direction but not the other.
Ohm’s law (for the true geeks): Current in a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the voltage across them.
Basics of Electric circuits
Some concepts you need to be familiar with.

4. Series: The total resistance in a
series circuit is the sum of the
resistances in the circuit.
Series & Parallel in circuits
What’s series-parallel and how to calculate it?
Parallel: The total resistance in a
parallel circuit is given by the formula:
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

5. Capacitors as power sources: A capacitor can store electrical energy when
connected to its charging circuit, and when disconnected from the charging circuit, it
can dissipate that stored energy, so it can be used like a temporary battery.
Capacitor as a power source
Can capacitors be used as power sources?

6. Types of batteries
Lithium ion (Li-ion)
Types of batteries for hobby and prototype projects
Lithium polymer (Li-Po) Lead Acid

7. What are the basics of robotic components
you should know?
Basics of Robotics
components

8. Actuators are devices in a system which take in electrical input and convert
that energy into a physical action. For example, a motor.
Actuators can be of three types: Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electric.
Actuators work together with sensors and controllers to convert an electrical
signal into tangible output.
Actuators
What are actuators and why are they important?

9. Sensors are devices that detect external information and convert it into a
signal which humans and machines can understand.
Sensors can be of many types: Proximity sensors, accelerometers,
gyroscopes.
Sensors
What are sensors and why are they important?
Accelerometer Infra-red(IR) sensor

10. Controllers: Controllers are devices which use the data collected by
sensors to make decisions.
Processors: Processors are integrated circuits that perform arithmetic,
logical, I/O, and other basic instructions passed on from an operating
system (OS).
Controllers & Processors
What are controllers & processors and why are they important?

11. “Keep your eyes on the road and your hands
upon the wheel” - Jim Morrison
Manual bots

12. Manual bots
Manual bots are a category of wired or remote controlled bots which
require complete and direct human intervention for its operation.
What are Manual bots and how do they work?

13. 4WD: 4WD, or Four wheel drive, is a drive mechanism capable of providing
torque to all four of its wheels at the same time.
Four wheel drive (4WD)
What is 4WD and why is it important?

14. 2WD: 2WD, or Two wheel drive, is a drive mechanism capable of providing
torque to two of its wheels at the same time.
Two wheel drive (2WD)
What is 2WD and why is it important?

15. Differential: A differential is a set of gears that transmits engine power
to the wheels, while allowing them to turn at different speeds on turns.
Differential
What is a differential and why is it important?

16. DC Motors
Types of motors
What are different types of motors?
Servo Motors Stepper Motors
Used for powering wheels
in electric vehicles
Used in Robotic arms Used in 3D Printers

17. Brushed DC Motors
Types of DC Motors
What are different types of DC motors?
Geared DC Motors Brushless DC Motors
Used for powering wheels
in electric vehicles
Used for applications
requiring high torque
Used in DVD players

18. A Gearbox is a system of integrated gears within a housing which alters
torque and speed between a driving device like a motor and a load.
Typically, a Gearbox increases or decreases the speed of a motor.
Gearboxes
What are gearboxes and how do they work?

19. A DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) switch has 2 inputs and 4 outputs, each
input having 2 corresponding outputs it can connect to.
Each terminal of a DPDT switch can be in one of 2 positions, and it can
reroute the circuit into 2 different modes of operation.
Motor Control (DPDT Switches)
What is DPDT and how does it work?

20. “Walking by myself, I hope you’ll
understand” - Garry Moore
Autonomous bots

21. Autonomous bots are capable of being programmed to perform tasks with a
high degree of autonomy and minimal direct human-provided instruction.
Autonomous bots
What are Autonomous bots?

22. A Microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a
specific operation in an embedded system.
Typically, a microcontroller includes a processor, memory, and I/O
peripherals on a single chip.
Microcontrollers
What are Microcontrollers?

23. Motor Drivers act as interfaces between motors and control circuits.
Motors require high current while control circuit works on low current.
Therefore, motor drivers is to take a low current control signal and then turn
it into a higher current control signal that can drive a motor.
Motor Drivers
What are Motor Drivers?

24. MCU: Microcontroller unit
Arduino is an MCU based on the ATmega328p microcontroller, and it
contains 14 digital I/O pins (6 of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, and a 16MHz quartz crystal.
Arduino (An MCU)
What are MCUs?

25. The Arduino IDE is open source software using which, one can write code
(Syntax based on C language) and upload it to the arduino board.
Arduino IDE
How to program an arduino

26. //Blink built-in LED on Arduino UNO
Void setup() {
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
}
Void loop() {
digitalWrite (13, HIGH);
delay (1000);
digitalWrite (13, LOW);
Delay (1000);
}

27. A Line Follower Bot is an autonomous bot that follows a visual line
embedded on the floor, typically using IR sensors to detect the line.
Line Follower Bot
What is a line follower bot?

28. A PID controller is a piece of machinery/algorithm that is used to control a
system. Think about an AC that will sense the temperature of the room and
bring it to a certain temperature that you choose.
PID Algorithm
What is the PID algorithm?

29. “IoT, really, is Information Technology that can
gather its own information.” - Kevin Ashton
Internet Of Things (IoT)

30. Internet of things (IoT) is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that have
the ability to communicate and exchange information with or without
human intervention.
For example, Fitness trackers, smart security systems, self-driving cars
What’s this IoT thing anyway?
Internet Of Things (IoT)

31. RaspberryPi defines a compact programmable computer that includes a set
of GPIO (General purpose I/O) pins, that can be used to connect and control
external electronic devices, and create IoT solutions.
RaspberryPi
What is RaspberryPi?

32. Smart Homes (IoT Simulation)
Smart Homes as an example of an IoT based ecosystem

33. Q&A
Get all your questions answered!
Raise your hand to ask a question.
Wait for the speaker to address your question.
Do not ask out of turn, be patient.

34. Quiz Time!
Winner gets Amazon gift card worth ₹149!
Quiz based on topics discussed today

35. Q1: What is the microcontroller used in
Arduino UNO?

36. Safety Slide

37. Ans: ATmega328p

38. Q2: To achieve variable speed on different
wheels, which type of drive is used?
a.4 wheel drive
b.2 wheel drive
c.Differential drive
d.Chain/Pulley drive

39. Safety Slide

40. Ans: Differential drive

41. Q3: In 2017, Saudi Arabia made history by
granting legal citizenship to a humanoid
robot making it the first robot to be a citizen.
Name the robot we are talking about.

42. Safety Slide

43. Ans: Sophia

44. Q4: Which part of the robot provides motion
to the end-effector ?
a.Controller
b.Sensor
c.Actuator
d.None of the above

45. Safety Slide

46. Ans: Actuator

47. Q5: Name them
1. 4.
2.
3.

48. Safety Slide

49. Ans: 1. Chitti
2. Hal-9000
3. R2D2
4. Sonny

50. Q6: More than a million industrial robots are
in use today, but nearly half of them are
employed by a single country. Which country
are we talking about?

51. Safety Slide

52. Ans: Japan

53. Q7: In 2013, a space research organization
launched a Mars Orbiter mission, with a
budget of $73 million, making it the least-
expensive Mars mission ever. Which orbiter
are we talking about?

54. Safety Slide

55. Ans: Mangalyan

56. Q8: Accelerometers and gyroscopes are
examples of what?
a.Actuators
b.Sensors
c.Controller
d.None of the above

57. Safety Slide

58. Ans: Sensors

59. Live Demonstration
Live Demo of a manual bot for
everyone!

60. Live Demonstration
Live Demo of an autonomous bot for
everyone!

61. Thank you for joining us today.
This is an amazing journey of learning that we’ll all be
sharing together at GDSC RCCIIT.
Thank you for joining!