General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
fungi.ppt
1. Phylum Zygomycetes
Example is bread mold. Only 665 species
Zygomycetes are partners in most ancient type of mycorrhizae.
2. Phylum Ascomycetes, spores in sacs, 30,000 species.
Nectria perithecia A species in this genus causes Beech Bark Disease
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Ascomycota/
3. Black knot of cherry is caused by an Ascomycete fungus.
8. Go to Tom Volk’s website for pictures of:
Ganoderma (shelf fungus)
Fomes fomentarius (carried by the ice man)
Cladonia cristatella (lichen forming fungus)
Tuber gibbosum (important mycorrhizal fungus)
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/
9. Douglas fir and White pine seedlings with & without mycorrhizae
10.
11. Type Morphology Fungus Plants Major
Benefits
Endo- Vesicles-
Arbuscles
In cell walls
Zygos 80% of all Inorganic P
Ecto- Btw cells.
Mantle/sheath
Basidios
Ascos
High-lat
woodies
Organic N, P
H2O
Ericoid Proliferate inside of cell
walls; membrane
envelopes hyphae.
Ascos Some
Ericaceae
Organic N, P
Review of Mycorrhizal Types
12. A stained arbuscule of Glomus mosseae in a leek root cell
(a superb photomicrograph by Mark Brundrett -
see Fig 17 in Brundrett et al. 1984 Can. J. Bot. 62: 2128)
Endomycorrhizae-- ancient, widespread, and non-specific
http://www.mycolog.com/chapter17.htm
These structures in the "roots:" of early land plants fossilized in the Rhynie Chert
(350 MYBP) are regarded as vesicles of an early endomycorrhizal fungus.
Colonization of a root by an endomycorrhizal fungus.
Note hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles.
(see Fig 21 in Brundrett et al. 1985 Can. J. Bot 63: 184)
A leek root packed with vesicles
of its endomycorrhizal fungal partner.
13. Ectomycorrhizae
Ectomycorrhizas of Laccaria bicolor
with Populus tremuloides.
Transverse section of an ectomycorrhiza of Pseudotsuga menziesii
with Rhizopogon colossus showing the fungal mantle (brown in this example).
Section of outer layers of an ectomycorrhizal root of Pinus strobus,
showing some of the mantle and the Hartig net -
the latter formed by hyphae of the mycobiont, Pisolithus tinctorius,
penetrating between the cortical cells of the root.
http://www.mycolog.com/chapter17.htm
14. Ericoid mycorrhizae help ericaceous plants survive
on sites with slow decomposition (bogs, arctic, sand, etc.)
Ericoid mycorrhiza of salal, Gaultheria shallon.
Dark blobs are masses of fungal hyphae in cortical cells of root.
Hyphae up to 80% of mass of root, but do not penetrate cell
membrane.
