WiMAX -- An Emerging Technology for Broadband WMAN

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WiMAX
WiMAX –
– An Emerging
An Emerging
Technology for
Technology for
Broadband WMAN
Broadband WMAN
Frank C. D. Tsai
Frank C. D. Tsai
Networks and Multimedia Institute
Institute for Information Industry
Institute for Information Industry
May 30, 2007
May 30, 2007
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Yuan-Ze University Seminar Class
y Class: Seminar
y Topic: WiMAX Trend, Opportunities, and
Challenges
y Date: May 30, 2008 (Friday)
y Time: 1:10-2:30pm
y Venue: Rm 30208, Yuan-Ze Building 3
y Professor: Song-Tsuen Peng , Professor and
Director, Communications Research Center, Yuan
Ze University

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Brief Bio
yPublic: Frank C. D. Tsai is currently an advisory engineer and deputy
director at WiMAX Technology Center, Networks and Multimedia
Institute (NMI) of Institute for Information Industry (III). Prior to
joining NMI of III, he was a research scientist of Telcordia, Inc., a
senior member of technical staff of AT&T Labs., and a research staff
of IBM Zurich Research Lab. He was involved in various data
communications and telecommunications technology and service
developments in his prior professional incarnations. Currently he is
responsible for strategic planning of Telematics services and
technologies, in addition to WiMAX development. He received the B.S.
degree from National Chiao-Tung University, and the Ph.D. degree
from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York
University, both in Computer Sciences.
yPrivate: Frank is an old man because he starts missing the days when
he was young. He is currently compiling a to-do list of things to
accomplish before the doom day. His recent achievement is running an
Eco-Club, http://www.geocities.com/cheeda_tsai/III_GeoClub/ aiming
to ‘Love Taiwan’ and involves in meditation activities this year.
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Disclaims
y The presentation shares the view of
ONLY the speaker.
y It does NOT represent III’s position,
NOR does it bind III to
–commit to do something, or
–admit having done something.
~ Frank C. D. Tsai

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Outlines
y Why
– Technology Evolution
– Market Forecast
y Who
– The Players
– The Subscribers
– The Value Chain and Taiwan’s Position
y What
– Concept, Architecture and Salient Features
– Terminology
y The Future Perspective
– Challenge
– Standard and Technical Evolution
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Why so Many Wireless Standards?
-- does end-users really care?
Source: International Telecommunications Union and WiMAX Forum
802.20
Fixed
(Stationary)
Pedestrian
(Nomadic)
Mobile
(Vehicular)
2G/2.5G
Cellular
0.1 1.0 10 100
Peak Data Rate per User (Mbits/second)
Mobility
Commercial
Proposed
79 x 1 MHz
Bluetooth
> 100
UWB
<= 20
802.16
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HSDPA
1.25
1xEV-DO,
1xEVDV,
802.20
1.25
2G/2.5G
Bandwidth
(MHz)
Bandwidth Assumptions
WWAN
(IMT-2000)
cdma2000® 1xEV-DO,
cdma2000® 1xEV-DV
3.1
WCDMA HSDPA
802.15.1
(Bluetooth)
802.11
(WLAN)
802.16e
802.16a
(WiMAX)
802.15.3a
(UWB)

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Broadband Wireless Technology Trend
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RF Development for Broadband Wireless

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Cellular Comm v.s. Data Comm
-- competing and then converging?
Source: http://www.dailywireless.org/2007/08/09/juniper-research-hspa-to-dominate/
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New Wireless Lifestyle

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WiMAX Meets “Mobile Internet” Requirement
Good VoIP and Real time performance
Low access latency < 20ms Handoff latency < 50ms
Fast Access
Cellular model, but higher capacity
mobile data networks
Ubiquitous Coverage
Vehicular speeds > 60km/hr
Access Everywhere
Internet needs packaging for smaller
form factors (ex: Blackberry*)
Application rich PC style access model, End-to-end IP
networks, Same experience as wired broadband
Transparent internet
access paradigm
Target spectrum is >2GHz, Maximal
COTS network components
Standards based technology, inexpensive clients, Low
IPR & Spectrum costs, Low cost All-IP networks
Low cost business
model
Flexible spectrum allocations
1.25MHz – 20MHz
Licensed bands, Built-in MAC QoS, Spectral
Efficiency > 1.5 b/s/Hz/sector±
Carrier class QoS and
low cost per bit
Passwords, Certificates, SIM, etc.
supported with EAP
Simple provisioning and authentication with existing
credentials
Simple setup for
connectivity
>= DSL, WiFi
Minimum user data rate > 1 Mbps±
Broadband data rates
Remarks
Requirement
Feature
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WiMAX Market Forecast 2006
y [Juniper Research] WiMAX Subscribers
growing from 1.7 million in 2007 to 21.3
million in 2012, and Mobile WiMAX
equipment including base stations and
CPE equipment is set to reach $2.53bn
by 2012. (July, 2006)
y [In-Stat] Predicts The total APAC
WiMAX market is valued at US$106.4
million in 2006, and grow to US$4.3
billion in 2011 (July 2006), and its
subscriber base will grow from over
80,000 in 2005 to over 3.8 million by
2009 which account for 45% of world
wide market. (September 2006)
y [Maravedis] predicts WiMAX
subscribers to reach 13 million in India
by 2012 (June, 2006)
y [Trendsmedia/Rethink Research] state
that global WiMAX infrastructure
spending will rocket from $655m today
to $7.36bn by 2009. (Aug 11, 2006)
Source: Senza Fili Consulting, “Fixed or mobile WiMAX?
Forecasts and assessment for the transition from 802.16-
2004 to 802.16e WiMAX”
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Subscribers
(millions)
Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) for mobile access
Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) for fixed access
Fixed WiMAX (802.16-2004)
WiMAX subscribers
Personal
broadband

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WiMAX Market Forecast 2007
Source: http://www.dailywireless.org/2007/07/18/clearwire-sprint-wimax-roaming/
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Objectives
y Why
– Market Forecast
y Who
– The Players
– The Subscribers
y What
– Terminology
– Challenge

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Era of Usage-Oriented Computing
Source: Intel 2006
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Why Mobile WiMAX (802.16e)?
Source: Intel 2006

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Intel Centrino Mobile Technology
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Who’re Most Interested in It?
Source: http://www.srtelecom.com/en/investor/downloads/Door_to_WiMAX_2007.pdf

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India to WiMAX 40,000 Village
y Calcutta Telephones plans to launch WiMax
in 40,000 villages and 70 cities, in India.
y To bridge the rural-urban digital divide by
taking Internet and telephony to remote areas
of the country.
y India’s Department of Telecom (DoT), has
given the go-ahead to the public sector
telecom operator to launch WiMAX.
Source: www.dailywireless.org/2007/11/16/india-wimax-to-40000-villages
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Usage Scenario – Mobile Care
Source: M-Taiwan

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Usage Scenario – Mobile Commerce
Source: M-Taiwan
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Usage Scenario – Surveillance
Source: M-Taiwan

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Usage Scenario – Mobile VoIP
Source: M-Taiwan
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WiMAX Value-Chain and Global Leaders
III/ITRI can help
local vendors 4
technical upgrade

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Taiwan WiMAX Development SWOT
ËOverseas Brand-names continue
to dominate
ËVendors from Korea as strong
competitors
ËHigh entry barrier for wireless
communication, needing large
scale investment
(S) (W)
(O) (T)
ËHigh mobile handheld penetration rate;
strong ICT industry, good integration
capability -> a good env. For developing
wireless comm.
ËStrong WLAN industry, gov. support and
investment on WiMAX via M-Taiwan
project
ËGood high-tech human resource
ËAll-IP Network ear emerge Æ a more
open system
Ë4G has not been mature yet Æ may
still having chance for essential IPR
ËKey component dep. on abroad
ËOEM based manufacturing, lack
of advanced tech and essential
IPR
ËLittle international standard
participation
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Taiwan Position in Global Telecom/ICT Market
Source: Telcordia
Personal view, take it with your own judgment –
If we have to do Telecom anyway, do WiMAX;
If we have choices, think of opportunity cost and something like Telematics…

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Challenges on Promoting Taiwan
Infrastructure Products
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Infrastructure IOT Problems
y Certification timeline of Mobile WiMAX is
Delayed
– RCT/PCT Interoperability become a problem
y Standard Definition of WiMAX Infrastructure
proposed by NWG is not Ready by Now.
– Incomplete Standard for a workable system
– Proprietary extension for Performance
y BS accounts for 70% total Infrastructure cost, and
“Proprietary” is a marketing Strategy
– ANS ÅÆBS IOT will be requested by operators, but among
first tier vendors
• local vendors may have problems

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Taiwan WiMAX Policy/Roadmap
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Communication Products by Countries

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NB +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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NB +WiMAX Shipment Value

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PDA +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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PDA +WiMAX Shipment Value

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Mobile Phone +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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Mobile Phone +WiMAX Shipment Value

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Rural WiMAX CPE Shipment Volume
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Rural WiMAX CPE Shipment Value

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DSC +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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DSC +WiMAX Shipment Value

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MP3 Player +WiMAX Shipment
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MP3 Player +WiMAX Shipment Value

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PMD +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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PMD +WiMAX Shipment Volume

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Portable Game Console +WiMAX Shipment Volume
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Portable Game Console +WiMAX Shipment Value

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Outlines
y Why
– Market Forecast
y Who
– The Players
– The Subscribers
y What
– Terminology
– Challenge
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IEEE 802.16 vs. WiMAX Forum
y IEEE 802.16 Standards
– 802.16-2004 and 802.16e define data and control plane functions
– 802.16f/i and 802.16g define management plane functions (NETMAN)
y WiMAX NWG
– 802.16 standards do not deal with radio access network (RAN) functions
• RAN part of WiMAX network is defined by WiMAX Forum NWG

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WiMAX Forum
y WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access)
– Like WECA in IEEE 802.11 WLAN
y Mission:
– To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard
and certifying interoperability of products and technologies.
y Principles:
– Support IEEE 802.16x
– 2-66 GHz (16a : 2-11GHz, 16 : 10-66GHz and 16e <6GHz)
– Propose system profiles for the IEEE 802.16 standard
– Guarantee known interoperability level
– Open for everyone to participate
y Developing & submitting baseline test specs
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System Profile defined by WiMAX Forum

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Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
Relay
Relay
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Broadband Access to Buildings
y Wireless Metro Ethernet
– 802.11 Wireless Ethernet
y First/Last mile access
– Fast local connection to network
• 30%-40% Radio/TV pervasion
• 5% internet access
– Target Applications (similar as DSL and CableModem)
• Data
• Voice / Audio
• Video distribution
• Real-time videoconferencing
y High-capacity cable/fiber to every user is expensive
– Network operators demand it
– Business and residential customers demand it

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Fixed WMAN + Mobile WMAN
Source : WiMAX Forum
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IEEE 802.16e Salient Features
Scalability
Scalability
Scalable PHY for capable of 1.25
Scalable PHY for capable of 1.25-
-20 MHz.
20 MHz.
Mobile WiMAX Global Profiles of 5 & 10MHz proposed.
Mobile WiMAX Global Profiles of 5 & 10MHz proposed.
Flexible frequency re
Flexible frequency re-
-use schemes for network planning.
use schemes for network planning.
QoS
QoS Traffic types, QoS with Service Flows, Advanced Scheduling
Traffic types, QoS with Service Flows, Advanced Scheduling
Framework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H
Framework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H-
-ARQ
ARQ
Security
Security
EAP authentication, Encryption with AES
EAP authentication, Encryption with AES-
-CCM,
CCM,
CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,
CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,
Device and User authentication capability
Device and User authentication capability
Mobility
Mobility
Secure Optimized Hard Handover,
Secure Optimized Hard Handover,
Fast BS Switching Handover,
Fast BS Switching Handover,
Power Management with Sleep and Idle modes
Power Management with Sleep and Idle modes
High Data
High Data
Rates
Rates
Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC,
Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC,
Adaptive modulation, H
Adaptive modulation, H-
-ARQ for reducing packet loss,
ARQ for reducing packet loss,
Full MIMO and Beamforming support
Full MIMO and Beamforming support

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Features Comparison of 802.16d and 16e
y PHY Enhancement
– Focus on OFDMA
– Advanced feature - MIMO/AAS/STC
y MAC Enhancement
– Extensive Security Enhancements – EAP/Double-EAP/dev-usr
– Extensive QoS Enhancements - Add service type: Extended rtPS
– MAC Handover (HO) Procedure - HO/Soft Handover and fast
BS switching
– Network Re-entry Process - In HO; In Idle mode
– Power Saving - Power control enhancement; Idle and Sleep
mode
– Expand MIMO Support
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A Wireless Access Network for the Internet
NSP
Internet
User Access Content
Core
y The Internet decouples the Content from the Core
– Split between Application Service Provider and Network Service
Provider
y Often Access is not owned by Network Service Provider but
operated as independent business
– Network Access Provider does not deal with the particular subscriber
but concentrates on establishment and operation of network
infrastructure
– Possibility to sell network access to multiple service providers enables
economy of scale and reduces ROI
source: WiMAX Forum Networking Working Group 2007-03

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Network Operator Roles in WiMAX
y Network Access Provider (NAP)
– A business entity that provides radio access infrastructure to
one or more Network Service Providers.
y Network Service Provider (NSP)
– A business entity that provides IP connectivity and network
services to subscribers compliant with the Service Level
Agreement it establishes with sub-scribers. To provide these
services, an NSP establishes contractual agreements with one
or more NAPs.
– An NSP may also establish roaming agreements with other
NSPs and contractual agreements with third-party application
providers (e.g. ASPs) for providing IP services to subscribers.
y ASP (Application Service Provider)
– Provides and manages applications on top of IP
– Provides value added services, Layer 3+ (e.g. VoIP, corporate
access, ...) source: WiMAX Forum Networking Working Group 2007-03
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Mobile Network Architectures
NAP
NSP
ASP
MNO ‘A’
Internet
Subscriber
RAN
Core
Services
MNO ‘B’
Subscriber
RAN
Core
Services
Subscriber Subscriber
Legacy Architecture Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture
Subscriber
R1
R3
R4
R5
R2
CSN CSN CSN
ASN ASN

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Network Reference Model (NRM)
y The NRM defines also a logical decomposition inside the ASN (BS, ASN-GW)
– Profile-A, Profile-B, Profile-C
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Profile-A
Source: Intel Mobility Group 2006-06

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Profile-B
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Profile-C

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ASN Profile Comparison
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WiMAX Reference Points
y NRM Reference Points represent a bundle of protocols between peer
entities
– Similar to a real IP network interface
y Except Profile-B, R6 Reference Points exist for Profile-A/C
– Femto-cell in general uses profile-B
– Macro/Micro/Pico-cell in general uses Profile-A or Profile-C
– Forum tends to merge Profile-A/C
MS ASN CSN
Authentication
Authorization
Pag. & Loc
QoS Ctrl
DataPath
Mob Mgmt
Authentication
Authorization
Pag. & Loc
QoS Ctrl
Mob Mgmt
R3
DataPath
R1
HO
QoS
PKM
Pg/SM
Pg/SM
PKM
QoS
HO
DataPath
R6
Encaps Encaps
RRM-S
RRM-C
Config

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IEEE 802.16 PHY Design
-- Adaptive Modulation and more…
Full featured Standard
Source : WiMAX Forum
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IEEE 802.16 PHY Design
-- Adaptive Antenna System and more…
y A system adaptively exploiting more
than one antenna to improve the
coverage and the system capacity
y Adapt the antenna pattern and
concentrating its radiation to each
individual subscriber
y The spectral efficiency can be
increased linearly with the number of
antenna elements
– steering beams to multiple users
simultaneously so as to realize an
inter-cell frequency reuse
y Reduce interference

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IEEE 802.16 MAC Design
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IEEE 802.16 -- Features (1/2)
y Broad bandwidth
– Up to 134.4 Mbps in 28 MHz channel (in 2-66 GHz)
• 32Mb/s - 134.4Mbps (>=20MHz per channel)
• 1.25/2.5/5/10/14/20/25/28MHz per channel (3.5MHz/7MHz)
y Supports multiple services simultaneously with full QoS
– Efficiently transport IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Ethernet, etc.
y Bandwidth on demand (frame by frame)
– Based on DOCSIS
– Centralized control
y MAC designed for efficient used of spectrum
y Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security extensions to
mobility

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IEEE 802.16 -- Features (2/2)
y Supports multiple frequency allocations from 2-66 GHz in 802.16
(10-66GHz) , 802.16a (2-11GHz) and 802.16e (<6GHz) 700MHz
– Single carrier (SC) for line-of-sight situations
– OFDM and OFDMA (MC) for non-line-of-sight situations
• OFDM : orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
• OFDMA : orthogonal frequency division multiple access
– OFDMA = 1.25 MHz, 2.5, 5, 10, 14 and 20 MHz channels
y Access schemes:
– TDD (time division duplex) and FDD (frequency division duplex)
y Link adaptation: Adaptive modulation and coding
y Point-to-multipoint (star) topology and mesh network extension
y Support for adaptive antennas and space-time coding (in 802.16a)
y Extensions to mobility
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Mobile Multihop Relay (defined in 802.16j)

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Relay Topology (defined in 802.16j)
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Compared with WLAN
y Technology-wise
– Multimedia QoS
• Four services are supported in 802.16-2004
– Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) -- such as T1/E1 and Voice over
IP without silence suppression
– Real-time Polling Service (rtPS) -- such as moving pictures experts
group (MPEG) video.
– Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) -- such as FTP
– Best Effort (BE).
• Five services are supported in 802.16e-2005
– UGS+ (Unsolicited Grant Service) – such as VoIP with silence
suppression
– Not only contention-based
– Connection-oriented
– Many more users
– Much higher data rates
– Much longer distances
y Business-wise
– Telecomm v.s. Information
– 7x24 v.s. Re-boot

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WiMAX Technical Glossary – MAC/PHY(1)
y AAA – Authentication Authorization Accounting
y BS – Base Station
y BTC – Block Turbo Code
y CMAC – Cipher based Message Authentication Code
y CTC – Convolutional Turbo Code
y DL – Down Link Transmission (BS to MS)
y EAP – Extensible Authentication Protocol
y FEC – Forward Error Correction scheme
y FFT – Fast Fourier Transform
y HMAC – Hash based Message Authentication Code
y LE – License Exempt
y LOS – Line of Sight
y MAC – Media Access Control (Logical Link Layer)
y MBS – Multicast Broadcast Services
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WiMAX Technical Glossary – MAC/PHY(2)
y MIB – Management Information Base
y MIMO – Multiple Input Mulitple Output (Multi Antenna
transmissions)
y MS – Mobile Station or Terminal
y N-LOS – Non Line of Sight
y OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
y OFDMA – Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
y PKM – Privacy Key Management Protocol
y PMK –Pairwise Master Key
y QoS – Quality of Service
y STC – Space Time Coding
y TEK – Traffic Encryption Key
y UL – Up Link Transmission (MS to BS)

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WiMAX Technical Glossary – BS Handoff
y Neighbor BS:
– whose downlink transmission can be received by MS
y Serving BS:
– MS has most recently completed registration at initial network-entry
or during a handover (HO)
y Target BS:
– intends to be registered with at the end of a handover (HO)
y Active BS:
– is informed of the MS capabilities, security parameters, service flows
and full MAC context information.
– For macro diversity handover (MDHO), the MS TX/RX data to/from
all active BSs in the diversity set.
– All involving BSs during HO
y Anchor BS:
– The MS is registered, synchronized, performs ranging and monitors
the downlink (DL) for control information.
– For FBSS supporting MS, this is the serving BS that is designated to
transmit/receive data to/from the MS at a given frame
– Play the role of active BS, serving BS and Target BS.
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Outlines
y Why
– Market Forecast
y Who
– The Players
– The Subscribers
y What
– Terminology
– Challenge

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Data Rate Comparison
N/A
9 Mbps (shared)
38 Mbps (shared)
DOCSIS 1.0
N/A
70Mbps (per user)
70Mbps (per user)
FTTH (Ethernet)
licensed
6 Mbps (shared)
14 Mbps (shared)
HSPA 10 MHz
licensed
1.8 Mbps (shared)
3.1 Mbps (shared)
1X-EVDO Rev A 2.5 MHz
Spectrum
Peak Data Rate
Technology
Uplink
Downlink
72 Mbps combined (shared)
54 Mbps combined (shared)
8 Mbps (per user)
licensed
Mobile WiMAX (2x2 MIMO) 10 MHZ
unlicensed
WiFi (802.11a/b/g) 20 MHz
N/A
1 Mbps (per user)
ADSL
Interesting rule of thumb
Interesting rule of thumb: the actual capacity (Mbps per channel per sector) in a
: the actual capacity (Mbps per channel per sector) in a
multi
multi-
-cell environment for most wireless technologies is about 20% to
cell environment for most wireless technologies is about 20% to 30% of
30% of
the peak theoretical data rate.
the peak theoretical data rate.
Source: Intel 2006
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Key Factors toward WiMAX Potentials in 3~5 years
Source: Telcordia 2007

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The Spectrum Game -- Situation
Source: http://www.dailywireless.org/2007/04/27/europe-auctions-35-ghz/
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The Spectrum Game -- Implication
y In general 3.5GHz airwaves are available everywhere
except the United States and Japan while 2.3GHz
spectrum is rare outside Korea and North America. The
lower portion of the C band, 3.5Ghz, is used by WiMAX
operators around the world.
y The industry is shifting its attention from 802.16d fixed
WiMAX in 3.5Ghz spectrum to 802.16e mobile WiMAX
in the 2.5GHz range, says WiMAX Vision. The 2.5GHz
band is available in the Americas, Russia and parts of Asia
but not yet in Europe.
y In order for Mobile WiMAX to really take off, the three
largest mobile subscriber capacity countries in the world
today, the USA, China and India need to provide global
interoperability on the same 2.5 GHz frequency range.
Sprint is working with ZTE in order to influence the Chinese equipment vendors
while Intel is working to adopt 2.5GHz frequency range in China and India.

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y With HSDPA/HSUPA (R5/R6), UTRA will remain highly competitive for
several years
y The Long-term technology evolution for keeping the continuous growth of
3GPP wireless link technology towards
– high data rate
– low latency
– packet optimized
y LTE focus is on:
– enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)
– optimisation of the UTRAN architecture
From WCDMA to HSPA to LTE/4G
--The 3GPP Perspective
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
1G
2G
4G
Evolved UTRAN
Long-term
Evolution
Long-term
Evolution
R99
Launch
R99
Launch
Commercial deployment:
Release 99
3G
Specifications and system development:
HSDPA, Uplink Enhancement
Release
5&6
Release
5&6
Release 99 - initial UTRAN specification
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Timing of Broadband Wireless Deployments
y LTE is being promoted as an evolution of 3G technology and, therefore, a more natural choice than
mobile WiMAX for an existing 3G operator.
Source: http://www.telecommagazine.com/NewsGlobe/Bulletin/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_3505

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Mobile Broadband Subscriber by Technologies
Source: http://www.dailywireless.org/2007/10/15/hsps-game-changer/
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Think of Scale of Economy for Operators

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IEEE802.16 Current Activities
y IEEE Std 802.16g (RRM : Radio Resource management)
– System/resource/handover Management
– Interoperability
– Expected to be ratified at Jan. 2007
– Draft 6.0
– To be finished
y IEEE Std 802.16h LE (License Exempt)
– Co-existence procedures
– US LE TV Bands, Non--exclusive licensed bands (US: FCC 3650-3700
MHz)
y IEEE Std 802.16j “Multihop Relay”
– “Mobile Multi-hop Mesh/Relay Networking in IEEE 802.16”
– Chaired by Japanese
y Study Group “Contention-Based Protocol”
– In 16 Licence-Exempt TG
– Topic : 802.11 contention-based protocol affect 802.16 scheduling-based
protocol in license-exempt bands
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IEEE 802.16 Standard Evolution

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802.16 in IMT-Advanced
Source: “802.16 Evolution to IMT-Advanced”, Samsung, 802.16 Conference, Nov, 2006
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The Big Fours
http://www.dailywireless.org/2007/10/10/700-mhz-scenarios/
AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless likely to choose LTE; Sprint choosing
WiMAX as 4G, but failure of co-op with Clearwire as a big defeat for
WiMAX Î GSM Assoc. announced support of LTE as the choice for 4G

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GSM Assoc Picks LTE for 4G
URL: http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=203101683 The battle lines for
fourth-generation (4G) wireless services became clearer this week as the GSM Association, as
expected, came out in favor of the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard and as WiMAX
appeared stalemated in the U.S. in the wake of the collapse of the WiMAX partnership
between Sprint Nextel and Clearwire. In addition to LTE and WiMAX, the third major
proposed standard -- Qualcomm-backed Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) -- remains in the 4G
running as mobile device players shift alliances and jockey for position in the coming race to
boost wireless speeds. Speaking at the GSM Association's Mobile Asia Congress in Macau,
GSMA CEO Rob Conway announced that the association had voted to back LTE. The action
was expected, as many service and equipment providers already have been targeting their
research and development toward implementing LTE on globally dominant GSM networks.
Alcatel-Lucent and LG Electronics jumped into the LTE arena Thursday by announcing they
have together successfully tested the technology, which is expected to enable downlink/uplink
peak data rates above 100 Mbps/50 Mbps. In tests carried out by Bell Labs researchers in
Alcatel-Lucent's Stuttgart facilities, Alcatel-Lucent's LTE and LG's mobile device prototypes
were used. The companies predicted commercially available LTE products and services will be
ready by 2009. Also at the Macau show, Qualcomm's Jeffrey Belk, senior VP of strategy and
market development, hailed the growth of HSPA (high-speed packet access) protocols, which,
he said, are being used in 129 networks in 64 countries. He also raised questions about
WiMAX "in the early stages of commercial deployment and whose 'real world' capabilities
have rarely been announced or publicly disclosed." Qualcomm could lose an important
customer someday in the form of Verizon Wireless, whose executives have been reported to
favor LTE for future deployments. Qualcomm is targeting efforts with 4G potential: it is a
major partner in Google's Android platform. Conway also called on the International
Telecommunication Union to make certain that there is enough spectrum available for mobile
broadband.
90
700 MHz Band – A Good Good Band

46
91
Bidding for AWS Advanced Wireless Spectrum
92
Potential Outcome for Alternative Bidders

47
93
Japan To Allocate 700MHz band for Vehicle Comm
y Japan ministry decided to allocated 700 MHz frequency band (715 M ~ 725MHz
10 MHz or so) for "inter-vehicle communication", through wireless
communications between vehicles to prevent car collisions. 700 MHz frequency
band is currently used by analog TV broadcasting. July 25, 2012 onwards it can
be used for communication between vehicles. In order to achieve the goal, the
implementation plan will be prepared in 2007 for various field verification tests in
2008. In validation experiments, idle band close to 700 MHz, not used in the
analog TV airwaves, will be used to prevent radio interference.
y The background of realizing communication between vehicles is that the Japanese
government set "Strategies for IT Reform,” aiming to reduce traffic death toll to
below 5,000 in 2012. It is hoped that after using new technologies such as
communications between cars, accidents is expected to be reduced. Although the
Japanese ministry decided to use the 700 MHz frequency band, but at the same
time it states that communications between vehicles can be realized before 2012.
y During the transition period, 5.8-GHz band for DSRC is used. However, because
5.8 GHz bands are of high-frequency, the radio wave diffraction is limited at road
junctions and other places. The Transport Ministry said that the Transport
Ministry and the vehicle manufacturers still need to do much research in order to
achieve inter-vehicle communications in the 5.8 GHz frequency band (Reporter:
Ogawa)
Source: 2007/12/07 【日經BP社報導】
94
Network Convergence

48
95
Thank You / Merci / Danke / 謝謝
96
APPENDIX

49
97
How IEEE Standards are Developed
y Rules designed to maximize opportunity for individual to contribute &
influence the standard
– Individuals vote, not companies
– All objection votes written & responded to
y Individual acquire voting rights based on attendance
y Task groups (new standards) are charted via Project Authorization Requests
(PAR)
y Follows Robert’s rule of order
y Most Interim meetings are held outside United States
y Harmonize contributions with key stake holders before presenting
y Harmonize based on technical vs. business merits
y Expand harmonization to others AFTER key stake holder harmonization
y Volunteer to write-up minutes, draft group contributions
y Support contributions with simulations – sometimes early product demos
cause opposition camps to form
98
Fujitsu, Taiwan's III Joint WiMAX Venture
Posted : 05 Dec 2007
http://www.eetindia.co.in/ART_8800492315_1800001_NT_adcdd250.HTM
Fujitsu Ltd. and the Institute for Information Industry (III) of Taiwan, a non-governmental
organization jointly sponsored by the Taiwan government and private enterprises have announced
their agreement to enter into a memorandum of understanding (MoU), to establish a new company in
Taiwan that will develop application platforms and provide engineering support based on WiMAX
technology from Fujitsu and III. Through the joint venture, scheduled to be established in March
2008, it is anticipated that Fujitsu and III will significantly contribute to the development of the
WiMAX industry in Taiwan. Leveraging Fujitsu's WiMAX SoC solutions and III's software
technologies, the new joint venture will develop WiMAX application platforms and provide them to
ODM vendors in Taiwan. With fully localized engineering support provided by the new company,
such platforms will enable ODM vendors to rapidly achieve mass production of competitive
WiMAX equipment. Since many global equipment vendors are using Taiwanese ODM vendors as
manufacturing partners, it is expected that application platforms and localized engineering support
provided by the new company will spur the rapid growth of the WiMAX industry. The new joint
venture's initial target applications will include mobile WiMAX handsets, and femto/pico base
stations. Such application platforms will be delivered to ODM vendors in Taiwan to shorten the
time-to-market. Fujitsu is a founding board member of the WiMAX Forum, an industry-led, not-for-
profit organization formed to certify and promote the compatibility and interoperability of
broadband wireless products, with a goal to accelerate the introduction of such products into the
marketplace. Fujitsu already ships mobile WiMAX SoC solutions targeting WiMAX Forum Wave 2
certification compliance, to various global customers. The Taiwan government has been playing an
important role in the M-Taiwan Project to promote the development of the WiMAX industry in
Taiwan. The research and development projects under the M-Taiwan Project are conducted by III,
other research institutes and several private companies.

50
99
Messages to Convey (1)
p.6~10
- when we look at something and ask if it will fly or if it's good, it really dep. on our position in the value chain, along which
some make money, some don't.
- for each new technologies, people always ask about killer applications and there is usually no answers for that. But killer
business model often is more important for service provider, after all, profit is most important.
- Talking about wireless network, there is a hierarchy from RF to Networks to App. and they have different life spans.
-- The trend of RF is to use OFDM and MIMO, 802.11n,WiMAX, LTE, 4G...
- Telecom (from telephone company) and DataComm (from Internet) may converge ==> All IP
- Bsiness model is different
-- data comm -- information -- fast, cost-down, fix bug later, re-boot
-- cellular comm -- telecomm -- solid system design, 24x7, Service with QoS
p. 11~13
- data ARPU is growing, Voice ARPU is decreasing --> still cash cow
- Internet service --> free; mobile service --> fee-ed
-- WiMAX meets the requirement of Mobile Internet
p. 14~19
- in developing countries, WiMAX has got a chance to solve the digital divine
- in developed countries, existing infrastructure has been there (sunk cost), not much need for a new technology, new network
p.20~23
- no new applications that is WiMAX-only --> price competition with other tech.
p. 24~29
- As developing countries are catching up, Taiwan needs to transform its industrial structure to move to high margin market
100
Messages to Convey (2)
p. 30~46,
- despite so many efforts, we (Taiwan companies) seem to be still on CPE side, not entering high-margin infrastructure
market
p. 47~75
- WiMAX has many superior features over WLAN, but the progress of WiMAX Forum is slow (too open an arena, too many
different opinions to massage)
-- make it disadvantageous when competing with Qualcom's UMB and HSDPA/HSUPA/LTE
-- buy Taiwan some time to catch up international companies
p. 76~80
-- will WiMAX Fly? a lot of uncertain factors and spectrum allocation is a big issue.
p. 81~84
-- Compared with WCDMA/HSPA/LTE, for operator, scale of economy (subscriber base) must be large enough to sustain
the business
p. 85~87
-- Recent advancement of WiMAX
p. 88~93
-- Look beyond.
-- WiMAX is only one among many choices
P. 94
-- future is difficult to predict.
-- however, one thing is for sure -- converge into All IP -- but knowing this won't help much, what is important is the timing,
i.e. when, in order to seize the opportunity to make a profit

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