Approaches in Teaching Accounting

1. APPROACHES IN TEACHING
ACCOUNTING

2. 1. JOURNAL APPROACH
 Introducing debit and credit aspect together with
accounting rules
 Analysing the business transaction in terms of debit
and credit
 Familiarising of the procedure being followed in
writing the journal entries.
 Introducing the concept Ledger A/C.
 Introducing the procedure involved in posting.

3.  JOURNAL APPROACH
 LEDGER APPROACH
 BALANCE SHEET APPROACH
 EQUATION APPROACH
 SPIRAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
 COMPLETE CYCLE APPROACH
 SINGLE ENTRY APPROACH

4.  Balancing the Ledger A/C
 Preparing of T/B
 Introducing the concept of final A/C
 Preparation of T/P/L/A/C
 Preparation of B/S

5. 2.Leder approach
 Here the accounting procedure starts from the
Ledger A/C from where the learner moves back to
Journal.

6. Steps
 Defining debit and credit
 Analysing the transaction in terms of debit and
credit.
 Writing of debit and credit in ledger A/c.
 Balancing Ledger A/c.
 Preparation of T/B
 Writing journal entries using debit and credit.
 Preparation of T/P/L/A/c
 Preparation of B/S.

7. 3.The Balance Sheet Approach
 To starts with complete account cycle is introduced.
 Summery account of closing the Income and
Expense A/c is presented.
 Some adjustment of inventory A/c is added.
 Liabilities A/c is introduced after the review of
previous work.
 Adjustment work is added.

8.  Formal statement about accounts are maintained.
 Finally the scrutiny of accounts and the journalising
be introduced.

9. 4. The Equation Appraoch
 Presently NCERT follow this approach.
 Assest =L+C
 L=A-C
 C=A-L

10. Steps
 Introducing accounting equations
 Introducing the concept of increasing in Asset,
Liability, Capital, revenue, Expenses with the help
of sample B/S.
 Introducing the rules of debit and credit.
Nature of A/C Debit Credit
Asset + -
Liability - +
Owners equity - +
Revenue - +
Expense + -

11.  Introducing the concept of double entry system
 Preparing journal
 Preparing ledger A/c.
 Preparing T/B
 Preparing T/P/L/A/c
 Preparing B/S.

12. 5. The Spiral Development Approach
 This approach used in western countries and USA.
 In this approach the complete cycle is developed by
adding some additional knowledge while preparing
each steps.
 Every time a part of the complete cycle is re-taught
and a part of it is expanded.

13. Steps
 Introducing the concept of transaction.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+ journal.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger A/c.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger A/c+Posting.

14.  Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger
A/c+Posting+Balancing.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger
A/c+Posting+Balancing+T/B.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger
A/c+Posting+Balancing+T/B+T/P/L/A/c.

15.  Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger
A/c+Posting+Balancing+T/B+T/P/L/A/c.
 Transaction + debit and credit aspect+
journal+Journalising+Ledger
A/c+Posting+Balancing+T/B+T/P/L/A/c+B/S.

16. 6. The Compete Cycle Approach.
 Under this approach the whole cycle of Book keeping
is introduced to the students viz, journalising,
posting, T/B, adjustment entries.
 It is suitable for remedial teaching.
 The entire exercise on the compete cycle should be
done on the sheet of a paper on one side. This may
be repeated for several days on different exercise.

17. Steps
 Students are supplied with a typical written problem
on complete cycle.
 Students are made to make a preliminary study of
the problem.
 Teacher discuss with and explain to pupil the nature
of the problem.
 Students are asked to rewrite the same problem in
another sheet of paper.

18.  Their doubts may be cleared.
 Help pupil to master the basic cycle
 Introducing a new concept after ensuring that the
basic cycle is mastered.
 Repeat the basic cycle every time while adding new
concepts.

19. 7. Single Entry Appraoch
 In this approach records of asset, liabilities and
capital are maintained, but no A/c of source of
P/L/A/c is maintained.
 In this approach an incoming asset is debited and
out going asset is credited.
 This is seldom used in popular business houses.
 It is used in small shops

20.  It doesnot provide the picture of final position of the
business.
 It provide only the position of debit and credit
 An entry made either for credit or debit.

21. Thank You.