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1. Week 7
Written and
Spoken
Languages

2. Objectives:
A. explore indigenous writing system;
B. state the characteristics and
structural differences between
written and spoken language ;
C. Determine the functions and
significance of written and spoken
language in daily communication.
2

3. Language is primarily vocal.
Speech was sufficient to
meet the communicative and
social needs of people who
lived in nomadic
communities.
The Spoken Language

4. gradually developed long after
speech
to serve human needs that the
spoken mode could not satisfy.
‘text-as-product’
People’s memory of what
happened was no longer enough.
The Written Language

5. Indigenous
Writing
System
5

6. Semitic Alphabet
Writing evolved
from visual images
which had already
come into use in
settled societies.
Indian Cherokee
Sequoyah, a North
American Cherokee
Indian, (c. 1765 – 1843)
is the only illiterate
person known to have
created a writing
system.
Vai script
served purposes in ritual and ceremonies
did not last long and were replaced later by
Mission and Koranic schools that taught English
and Koranic scripts.
were for practical record keeping and
communication needs while at the same time
keeping Vai business enterprises secret
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7. Written
vs.
Spoken
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8. 8
Spoken Language Written Language
Speech is universal. Everyone
learns to speak a first language
in the first few years of life.
Not everyone learns to read and
write that same language.
The spoken language has
dialect variations.
The written language is expected
to conform to a standard form of
grammar and spelling
Speakers use their voices (pitch,
stress, rhythm) and bodies
(gestures, facial expressions) to
help convey their meanings
Writers have to rely solely on the
words on the page to express
meaning
Speakers use pauses and
intonation.
Writers use punctuation.
Speakers pronounce words. Writers spell and write words.

9. 9
Spoken Language Written Language
Speaking is usually spontaneous
and unplanned.
Most writing takes time. It is planned.
The writer can go back and change
what has been written.
A speaker speaks to a listener who
is right there, nodding or frowning,
interrupting or questioning.
For the writer, the reader’s response is
either delayed or nonexistent. The
writer has only one chance to convey
information and be interesting and
accurate enough to hold the reader’s
attention.
Speech can have a lot of repetition.
The speaker can pause, offer to
start again, rephrase without losing
the meaning of the utterance.
Writing is more formal and compact. It
progresses logically with fewer
digressions.
Speakers use simple sentences
connected by a lot of ands and buts.
Writers use more complex sentences
with connecting words like however,
therefore, in addition to.

10. Which between the two
languages are you more
comfortable in using-
spoken or written?
10

11. Week 8
Semiotics/
Sign
Languages

12. Objectives:
A. define semiotics;
B. identify the proponents of semiotics with
their contributions to the study;
C. give example of semiotics in everyday
living; and
D. Recognize semiotics/sign languages as a
language of cultural significance to every
creature.
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13. SEMIOTICS
involves signs, including the production of
meaning.
can be intentional or unintentional
can communicate through any of the
senses, visual, auditory, tactile,
olfactory, or gustatory
references to cultural commonalities
(potential for multiple meanings)

14. Famous
Proponents
and
Contribution
to Semiotics
14

15. Ferdinand de Saussure
Swiss linguist
Father of Modern Lingiuistics
defined semiotics as the study
of “the life of signs within
society
defined semiotics as the study
of “the life of signs within
society.”
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16. 16

17. - believed that dismantling signs was a real
science, for in doing so we come to an empirical
understanding of how humans synthesize
physical stimuli into words and other abstract
concepts
- also distinguished parole from langue
- Parole refers to the individual language acts which occur when anyone audibly
voices letters, words, sentences. Parole is the physical manifestation of
speech.
- Langue is the abstract system of principles language out of which acts of
speech (parole) occur.
17

18. Charles Sanders Pierce
defined a sign as “something which stands to
somebody for something”.
demonstrated that a sign can never have a
definite meaning, for the meaning must be
continuously qualified.
distinguished between the interpretant (the
internal, mental representation that mediates
between the object and its sign) and the
interpreter (the human who is creating the
interpretant).
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19. 19
- categorize signs into three main
types:
(1) an icon, which resembles its
referent physically (woman and
man sign in comfort rooms);
(2) an index, which is associated
with its referent (leather shoes for
men and heels for women); and
(3) a symbol, which is related to its
referent only by convention and has
no resemblance between the
signifier and the signified (as with
words or traffic signals).

20. Charles Morris
believed that people are interpreters of signs.
- identified 3 stages of human actions that
involve signs and meanings :
(1) perception stage - the person becomes
aware of a sign;
(2) manipulation stage - the person interprets
the sign and decides how to respond to it;
and
(3) consummation stage - the person
responds.
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21. 21
Stage 1. The actor
feels hungry and the
hunger serves as a
sign.
Stage 2. Looks for
food, sees the cheese,
smells and tastes it.
These actions are
manipulation for the
sign.
Stage 3. The actor eats
the cheese. Meaning
is established by
taking hunger as a sign
for eating cheese.

22. “
FAMILY FEUD
English Major Edition
22

23. “What are the most
commonly used
symbols for the term
EDUCATION?
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24. What are the most
commonly used icon,
index or symbol for the
term EDUCATION?
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7
3

25. 25
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powerpoint?
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-powerpoint presentation maker
-grammarian
-content creator
-layout designer
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26. Thanks!
Any questions?
26