LiFi

1. “I have heard articulate speech by sunlight!
I have heard a ray of the sun laugh and cough and sing !...
I have been able to hear a shadow and I have even perceived by ear the passage of a cloud across the
sun's disk.
You are the grandfather of the Photophone and I want to share my delight at my success.”
— Alexander Graham Bell, in a letter to his father Alexander
Melville Bell, dated February 26, 1880

2. BELL’S PHOTOPHONE

3. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
Wg Cdr Felix Franco
820 SU, AF

4. SCOPE
• TRENDING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• ISSUES WITH RADIO SPECTRUM
• LiFi
• ADVANTAGES OF LiFi
• APPLICATIONS OF LiFi
• CONLUSION

5. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802
- IEEE 802 is a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area
networks and metropolitan area networks.
- The services and protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two
layers (Data Link and Physical) of the seven-layer OSI networking reference
model.
- IEEE 802 splits the OSI Data Link Layer into two sub-layers named logical
link control (LLC) and media access control (MAC).
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

6. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
- A network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual
person's workspace - in which the connections are wireless.
- Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that
permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very
short range.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

7. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.15.1
Bluetooth
- Named after the Scandinavian king Harold Bluetooth.
- Originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables.
- Operates at frequencies between 2400 MHz and 2835 Mhz (ISM band).
- Uses FHSS with DPSK modulation.
- A maximum speed upto 800 kbps.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

8. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.15.1
Wibree
- Also known as baby bluetooth.
- Operates in ISM band.
- Can support speeds upto 1 Mbps at a range of 10m.
- A standard for low power wireless communications.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

9. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
High-rate WPAN
- 802.15.3 is the IEEE standard for a high-data-rate WPAN
- It is ideally suited for a home multimedia wireless network.
IEEE 802.15.3
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

10. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
- Modulates impulse based waveforms instead of continuous carrier waves using
PPM.
- Allows 7.5 GHz (3.1GHz to 10.6 GHz) bandwidth.
- Can achieve upto 500 Mbps at less than 3m.
- Uses DS-UWB or MB-OFDM for media access for different users.
- Used in intensive care unit monitoring, other short range tracking applications.
IEEE 802.15.3
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

11. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Wireless USB
- Designed to replace wired USB.
- Operates in frequency ranged from 3.1 GHz.
- Can connect upto 127 USB devices in the hub spoke model.
- Can support data rates upto 480 Mbps at 3m and upto 110 Mbps at less
than 10m.
IEEE 802.15.3
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

12. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
WiMedia
- WiMedia defines a series of application profiles (such as a digital imaging
device or a video recorder) that sit on top of IEEE 802.15.3 Media Access and
Physical layer definitions.
IEEE 802.15.3
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

13. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.15.4
Low rate WPAN
- Defines the operation of low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-
WPANs).
- It specifies the physical layer and media access control for LR-WPANs.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS

14. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.15.4
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
Zigbee
- Zigbee is a low-power, low data rate, and close proximity (i.e., personal area)
wireless ad hoc network.
- Operates in the ISM radio bands: 2.4 GHz.
- Can support a defined speed of 250 kbps.
- Best suited for wireless sensor networks for intermittent secure transmissions.

15. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
IEEE 802.15.6
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
- Wireless network of wearable computing devices. BAN devices may be embedded
inside the body, implants, may be surface-mounted on the body in a fixed position.
- 40 MHz of spectrum bandwidth at the 2360–2400 MHz band.
- Support for quality of service (QoS), extremely low power, and data rates up to
10 Mbps.

16. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
- IEEE 802.11 is a set of MAC and PHY specifications for
implementing WLAN computer communication.
- 900 MHz and 2.4, 3.6, 5, and 60 GHz frequency bands.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.11
WLAN

17. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Wirelss Fidelity (WiFi)
- Controlled by Wi-Fi alliance.
- Most commonly uses the 2.4 GHz UHF and 5.8 GHz SHF ISM radio bands.
- EIRP limited to 20 dBm (100 mW)
- 900 MHz and 2.4, 3.6, 5, and 60 GHz frequency bands.
- At 70 m, the throughput of 802.11n standard equipment will be
1.3 Gbps.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.11
WLAN

18. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
- Controlled by WiMAX Forum; a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of
last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.
- Works in 2.3, 2.5, 3.3, 3.5, 5.8 GHz.
- OFDMA.
-.Expected to provide about 10 Mbps of upload and download, at a distance of 10 km
from a base station.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX

19. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) or Mobile WiMAX or MobileFi
- Intend to sit on existing cellular towers, promising the same coverage area as a
mobile phone system with the speed of a Wi-Fi connection.
- It will provide seamless integration between the three domains of work, home, and
mobile.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX

20. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) or Mobile WiMAX or MobileFi
- Three key technologies
- SOFDMA
- MIMO
- AAS
- Spectral efficiency of 1 bits/ Hz is the expectation.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX

21. IEEE 802.15
WPAN
IEEE 802.11
WLAN
IEEE 802.16
WiMAX
IEEE 802.20
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE 802.22
WRAN
IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.3
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.6
IEEE 802
Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)
- Uses white spaces in the television (TV) frequency spectrum (Btw 54MHz to
864 MHz).
- Define a standardized air interface based on CR techniques for the opportunistic use
of TV bands on a non-interfering basis.
- Operate in a point to multipoint basis (P2MP). Consists of BTS & CPE.
- Standard specifies a range of 100 km.
TRENDING WIRELESS STANDARDS
IEEE 802.22
WRAN

22. ISSUES WITH RADIO SPECTRUM
Availability
Capacity
Security

23. OPTIONS…….?????

24. LIGHT FIDELITY

25. LIFI
• Origin
• Introduced by Prof. Harald Hass, University of Edinburg, UK.
• Demonstrated the idea in Global TED talk 2011.
• Established wireless connectivity with existing LED lights.

26. LiFi
• Basic Design

27. ADVANTAGES OF LiFi
• High speed.
• Security.
• Low Cost.
• Low Energy Consumption.
• No electromagnetic smog.
• Safe.
• License free bandwidth.

28. APPLICATIONS OF LiFi

29. CHALLENGES TO LiFi
• Proper modulation schemes
• Performance in the presence of strong background light
• Development of more efficient and high speed photodiodes for
reception.

30. CONCLUSION
As the electromagnetic spectrum becomes continuously
overcrowded, the LiFi technology promises to provide a faster,
safer, greener, better and healthier future for wireless
communication system.