1. COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES OF
VARIOUS TYPE OF MATERIALS ON
RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA
WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Faculty of Electronic and
Computer Engineering
FINAL YEAR PROJECT

2. Physical properties for different materials
Materials/
Properties
Copper Aluminium Silver Gold Graphene
Conductivity (S/m) 5.96 X 107 3.8 X 107 6.29 X 107 4.10 X 107 108
Melting Point (K) 1356 933.47 1234.93 1337.33 3800
Density (g/cm3) 10.30 2.70 10.49 19.30 2.1-2.2
Thermal conductivity
( W/ m-K)
401 237 429 318 5000

3. GRAPHENE
STRONG and THINNEST
material [6]
TWO-DIMESIONAL and
CONDUCTIVE [4][5]
STRETCHABLE and
IMPERMEABLE [6]
Graphene is form of carbon.
Graphene is a single atomic layer of graphite
[6]
Graphene is a two-dimensional flat monolayer
of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb
lattice [4][5]
Graphene also contains elastic properties,
being able to retain its initial size after strain
[6]
Discovered and attracted tremendous interest
because of its excellent mechanical, thermal
and electrical properties [4]
Graphene

4. Objectives
 To develop the rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple
triangle slot in CST STUDIO SUITE Software.
 To study the performance of parameter such as bandwidth, gain and
directivity for a material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and
graphene as a patch material.
 To compare the effect of parameter mention above between rectangular
patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and without
stacked patch.

5. Frequency, fo
3.5GHz
Return Loss ≤ -10dB
Gain > 2.5dB
Substrate FR4
Dielectric constant,𝜺 𝒓 4.3
Substrate height 1.6mm
Dielectric loss tangent 0.019
Material thickness 0.035mm
Design Specification
YES
NO
Literature review:
• Microstrip patch antenna;
Rectangular patch antenna
• Characteristics of copper,
aluminium, silver, gold and
graphene
• Calculation that related in designing
process
START
Design specification; the resonant
frequency, types of materials and
design characteristics
Designing rectangular patch antenna with
a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with and
without stacked patch in CST STUDIO
SUITE Software
Finalize the layout design
Simulation
result OK?
END
Writing thesis
Collecting and analysing the result Tabulated the data and compare Discussion
Flow
Chart Methodology

6. Antenna Design
RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA
WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH
CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Substrate
material
Patch
material
GLASS
First
Design Second
Design

7. Antenna parameters for optimized antenna
Calculation of width and
length for the patch
1. W=
𝑐[
𝜀 𝑟+1
2
]
2𝑓𝑜
−1
2
2. L=
𝑐
2𝑓𝑜 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓
- 2∆𝐿
3. 𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓=
𝜀 𝑟+1
2
+
𝜀 𝑟−1
2
[
1
1+12ℎ/𝑤
]
4. ∆𝐿 = 0.412h
(𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓+0.300)(
𝑤
ℎ
+0.264)
(𝜀 𝑒𝑓𝑓−0.258)(
𝑤
ℎ
+0.800)

8. Result and Discussion

9. First
Design
RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH ANTENNA
WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

10. Copper = 3.0946 GHz
Aluminium = 3.1987 GHz
Silver = 3.5868 GHz
Graphene = 3.6719 GHz
Bandwidth
First
Design
Gold = 3.5111 GHz
Graphene is the highest and followed with
silver, gold, aluminium and copper.

11. Copper = 2.953dB
Aluminium = 2.953dB
Silver = 2.953dB
Gold = 2.791dB
Graphene = 2.954dB
First
Design Gain

12. First
Design
Copper = 3.15dBi
Aluminium = 3.155dBi
Silver = 3.155dBi
Gold= 3.155dBi
Graphene = 3.279dBi
Directivity

13. RECTANGULAR WITHOUT STACK PATCH
ANTENNA WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE
SLOT
First
Design
Materials Bandwidth (GHz) Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)
Copper 3.0946 2.953 3.155
Aluminium 3.1987 2.953 3.155
Silver 3.5868 2.953 3.155
Gold 3.5111 2.791 3.155
Graphene 3.6719 2.954 3.279
Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and
directivity.

14. Second
Design
RECTANGULAR WITH STACK PATCH ANTENNA
WITH CPW-FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT

15. Bandwidth
Copper = 3.4826 GHz
Aluminium = 3.6057 GHz
Silver = 3.7184 GHz
Gold = 3.7950 GHz
Graphene = 3.9028 GHz
Second
Design

16. Second
Design Gain
Copper = 3.164dB
Aluminium = 3.231dB
Silver = 3.165dB
Gold = 3.279dB
Graphene = 3.321dB

17. Second
Design Directivity
Copper = 3.691dB
Aluminium = 3.754dB
Silver = 3.691dB
Gold = 3.792dB
Graphene = 3.824dB

18. RECTANGULAR STACKED PATCH ANTENNA WITH CPW-
FED TRIPLE TRIANGLE SLOT
Second
Design
Materials Bandwidth (GHz) Gain (dB) Directivity (dBi)
Copper 3.4826 3.164 3.691
Aluminium 3.6057 3.231 3.754
Silver 3.7184 3.165 3.691
Gold 3.7950 3.278 3.792
Graphene 3.9028 3.321 3.824
 Addition of a stacked patch antenna has improve a higher gain and directivity.
 Graphene gives the best performance in terms of bandwidth, gain and
directivity.

19. Potential Value
 Suitable for WiMAX application
(From the simulated results, a wide impedance bandwidth for a practical WiMAX
operations based on IEEE 802.16 standard, this design is suitable for it)
 Graphene – Nanotechnology
(Researches nowadays finding a wide variety of ways to make materials at the
nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced properties such as high speed and
lighter weight)

20. Conclusion
 The novel rectangular stacked patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot
configuration is presented with the simulation results.
 The performance of parameter for example bandwidth, gain and directivity for a
material between copper, aluminium, silver, gold and graphene as a patch material
on the antenna design have been studied in this project.
 In terms of antenna performances such as bandwidth, gain and directivity graphene
is the best material among copper, aluminium, silver and gold.
 The rectangular patch antenna with a CPW-fed triple triangle slot with stacked is
better than without stacked based on the result from the improvement of parameter.

21. [1] H. Nornikman, F. Malek, N. Saudin, M. M. Shukor, N. a. Zainuddin, M. Z. a. A. Aziz, B. H. Ahmad, and M. a. Othman, “Design of rectangular stacked patch antenna with four L-
shaped slots and CPW-fed for WiMAX application,” 2013 3rd Int. Conf. Instrumentation, Commun. Inf. Technol. Biomed. Eng., pp. 39–43, Nov. 2013.
[2] J. Gautam and N. Jayanthi, “Design of stacked miniaturized slotted antenna with enhanced bandwidth for WiMAX application,” 2014 Int. Conf. Signal Process. Integr. Networks,
pp. 663–666, Feb. 2014.
[3] S. Chaimool and P. Akkaraekthalin, “CPW-Fed Antennas for WiFi and WiMAX,” Adv. Transm. Tech. WiMAX, Dr. Roberto Hincapie (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-307-965-3, InTech, 2012.
[4]Min Liang, M. T. (n.d.). IEE EXPLORE. Graphene Conductivity Characteristics At Microwave and THz Frequency, 489-491.
[5] ARYA FALLAHI, J. P. (2013). ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE METASURFACES AND APPLICATION. 492-495.
[6]Fuente,J. D. (2013). Properties of Graphene. Retrieved 11 12, 2014, from Graphenea: http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.VGv--jSUe6M
[7] B. Alfano, T. P. (2015). Tailoring the selectivity of chemical sensors based on graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles. IEEE, 1-4.
[8] H. F. AbuTarboush, H. S.-R. (2009). Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Stacked Patch and Slot. Wireless Networks & Communications Centre (WNCC),
School of Engineering & Design Brunel University, West London U.K., 42-44.
[9] John Coonrod, B. R. (JULY 2012). Comparing Microstrip and CPW Performances. MICROWAVE JOURNAL, 74-82.
References