Study on Substrate Dependency of Graphene-Based Patch Antennas for Gigahertz and Terahertz Applications

1. STUDY ON SUBSTRATE DEPENDENCY OF GRAPHENE BASED
PATCH ANTENNAS FOR GIGAHERTZ AND TERAHERTZ
APPLICATIONS
Presented By
Dilruba Khanam
1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING GLOBAL TRENDS IN
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
06-07-2021

2. INTRODUCTION
PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
PLAN OF TALK
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3. INTRODUCTION
With more and more people using wireless networks, the demand for the ultra-fast
wireless communications systems is increasing.
Recent advances in terahertz-wave (THz-wave) technologies have attracted attention
due to the huge bandwidth of THz waves and its potential for use in wireless
communications.
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4. THz band offers a much larger bandwidth ,which ranges from tens of
GHz up to several THz.
THz wave can detect specific substances, such as hidden explosives,
drugs, weapons etc., Hence used in security, medical , military
applications.
Exchange of information through a wireless communication greatly
depends on the antenna.
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5. 5
Antenna
Usually a metallic device used for
radiating or receiving radio waves.
A structure that captures and/or
transmits radio electromagnetic waves.
 A good design of antenna can enhance
overall system performance.
 It can be a piece of conducting wire,
an aperture, a patch, an assembly of
elements, a reflector and so on.
Fig: Microstrip patch antenna
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6. • Slot Antenna
A slot antenna consists of a metal surface, usually a flat plate, with one or
more holes or slots cut out.
• Metamaterial
Metamaterial absorber is a metamaterial used for absorption of
electromagnetic radiation.
Work in metamaterial is focussed on real parts of permittivity and
permeability.
 Metamaterial exhibit
Left handed behaviour
Negative refractive index
Extraordinary transmission
Negative Doppler effect
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7. GRAPHENE
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 Graphene is a thin layer of
carbon
 It is a single, tightly packed
layer of carbon atoms that are
bonded together in a hexagonal
honeycomb lattice
 High electron mobility of graphene
and the ability to support SPP
waves makes it an excellent
candidate for ultra-high-frequency
applications
Fig: Bond structure of graphene
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8. • Some of the Researchers in the field of Graphene based antenna are
J. Miquel, A. Cabellos, Shakib Adnan, Osman Goni, Rajni Bala and
Anupma Marwaha
For Graphene patch antenna substrate materials act as a
performance regulator
It is reported that substrate material controls the properties of
graphene patch and choice of good dielectric material can improve
the quality.
Transport properties of graphene and resonant properties of antenna
are also influenced by substrate material
• A lot of research is undergoing reporting various new materials which
can be placed as substrates for the graphene patch antenna
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9. PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN
• Graphene based patch antenna is designed and comparative study for different
substrate material is done .
• The performance of the antenna is evaluated on the basis of return loss, voltage
standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency
• A linear scaling technique is used to design THz antenna from a GHz antenna by
reducing all dimension of the GHz antenna by a factor of 1000
Linear scaling is done following the method adopted by Kaustubh et al.
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10. Parameters Symbol Value
Operating frequency f (5-15)GHz
Patch length and width Lp x Wp 6.4899mm*9.1287mm
Dielectric substrate
length, width and
thickness
Lsx Ws x h 15.4899*18.1287mm*1.5mm
Microstrip line length L1 x L2 3mm*2.5mm
Microstrip line width W1xW2 0.5mm*1mm
Fig: Geometry of patch antenna at 10 GHz
Table 1 : Physical dimension of the patch antenna at 10 GHz
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11. RESULTS
Fig: Return loss, VSWR, Radiation pattern and Gain of graphene
patch antenna with Rogers RO4003 substrate at 10 GHz frequency 11
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 FR-4 Substrate
 Bakelite Substrate
 RT Duroid
Substrate  Rogers RO4003
Substrate

13. Substrate S11(dB) VSWR Gain(dB) Directivity(dB) Bandwidth(MHz) Resonating
Frequency(GHz)
FR-4 epoxy -33.87 1.04 5.78 6.71 605 9.6
Bakelite -14 1.49 6.68 6.57 416 9.4
Rogers
R04003
-41.70 1.01 7.03 6.9 451.6 9.4
RT Duroid
6010
-17.73 1.63 8.43 8.07 880.5 12.4
Taconic
TLC
-25.62 1 7.28 7.22 482.4 9.6
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Table 2: Comparative study of different substrate material at GHz
Comparative study of the simulated antennas for different
substrate material on Graphene patch antenna at 10 GHz
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14. Results of The Graphene patch antenna at THz Frequency
Fig: Return loss, Radiation pattern and Gain of
graphene patch antenna with Rogers RO4003
substrate at THz frequency
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15. 15
Fig.: Return loss of the patch antenna with different substrate
material at 10 THz
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Return loss
 FR-4 =-24 dB
 Bakelite= -18 dB
 Rogers RO4003=-23 dB
 RT Duroid=-24.75dB
 Taconic TLC=-22.97dB

16. Substrate S11(dB) VSWR Gain(dB) Directivity(dB) Bandwidth(MHz) Resonating
Frequency(THz)
FR-4 epoxy -24 0.98 6.07 6.63 576.6 9.8
Bakelite -18 2.15 5.94 6.52 530 9.4
Rogers
R04003
-23 1.19 6.47 7.01 476.7 9.4
RT Duroid
6010
-24.75 1.005 8.04 8.12 952.9 12.4
Taconic
TLC
-22.97 1.23 6.56 7.07 500 9.6
Table 3: Comparative study of different substrate material at THz
Comparative study of the simulated antennas for different substrate material on
Graphene patch antenna at 10 THz
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17. Conclusion
• Graphene based Antenna achieved minimum return loss of -41.70 dB with a bandwidth of 451
MHz at 9.4 GHz with substrate Rogers RO4003, and after linear scaling, it shows a return loss of -
23.29 dB with bandwidth 476 GHz at 9. 4 THz.
• All the substrate materials attained gain more than 5 dB and return loss less than -10 dB and can be
used as a substrate material for graphene based patch antennas.
• Effect of substrate material is retained after scaling down by a factor of 1000 as graphene based
patch antenna attained good result with Rogers RO4003 at both GHz and THz without a shift in
frequency.
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18. References
• [1]Adnan Shakib, Goni Osman, “Graphene nanoribbon based antenna for terahertz band communication’’,
Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT
2015)
• [2]A. Sharma, G. Singh, “Rectangular microstrip patch antenna design at THz frequency for short distance
wireless communication systems”, J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 30 (2009) 1–7.
• [3]Llatser, K. Christian, C.-A. Albert, J.M. Jornet, E. Alarcon, D.N. Chigrin, “Graphene-based nano-patch
antenna for terahertz radiation”, Photon. Nanostruct.-Fundam. Appl. 10 (2012) 353–358.
• [4]S. Anand, D. Sriram Kumar, R.J. Wu, M. Chavali, “Analysis and design of optically transparent antenna on
photonic band gap structures”, Optik 125 (2014)2835–2839.
• [5] Llatser, K. Christian, D.N. Chigrin, J.M. Josep, M.C. Lemme, C.-A. Albert, Alarcon Eduard, “Characterization
of graphene-based nano-antennas in the terahertzband”, 6th European Conference on IEEE, 2012
• [6] Llatser, C. Kremers, A. Cabellos-Aparicio, J. Jornet, E. Alarcon, D. Chigrin, “Scattering of terahertz radiation
on a graphene-based nano-antenna”, AIP Conference Proceeding, 4th International Conference on
Theoretical and Nanophotonics, Germany. 1398 (2011) 144–147.
• [7] I. Llatser, C. Kremers, D. Chigrin, J. Jornet, M. Lemme, A. Cabellos-Aparicio, et al., “Characterization of
graphene-based nano-antennas in the terahertz band”, Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP) 6th European
Conference, 194–198, 2012.
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19. • [8] S. Anand, D. Sriram Kumar, R. Jang Wu, M. Chavali, “Graphene nanoribbon based
terahertz antenna on polyimide substrate”, Optik 125 (2014) 5546–5549.
• [9] B. Zhu1, Y. Chen2, K. Deng2, W. Hu2, and Z. S. Yao, “Terahertz Science and Technology
and Applications”, PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 23–27, 2009.
• [10] Zhou, B. Yakup, F. Du, L. Dai, J.L. Volakis, “Polymer–carbon nanotube sheets for
conformal load bearing antennas”, IEEE Trans. Anten. Propag. 58 (2010)2169–2175.
• [11] C.A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
• [12] Llatser, C. Kremers, A. Cabellos Aparicio, J. M. Jornet, E. Alarcon ,and D. N. Chigrin,
“Scattering of terahertz radiation on a graphene-based nano-antenna,” AIP Conference
Proceedings, vol. 1398, pp. 144–146,2011.
• [13] Sharma A, Singh G., “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design at THz Frequency
for Short Distance Wireless Communication Systems,” Journal of infrared, millimetre and
terahertz waves, Springer., vol. 30, no.1, pp. 1-7,2009.
• [14] S. Anand, D. Sriram Kumar, R. Jang Wu, M. Chavali, “Graphene nanoribbon based
terahertz antenna on polyimide substrate”, Optik 125 (2014) 5546–5549.
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20. THANK YOU
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22. INTRODUCTION
• Recent researches have extensively explored microstrip patch
antenna design for deriving better performance.
• Day by day new wireless devices are introducing which increases the
demands of compact antennas.
• In modern wireless communication devices, Microstrip patch
antennas are commonly used over conventional antennas.
• A lot of research is undergoing on design ,fabrication and
characteristics of Graphene for different applications.
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23. Substrate material
• FR-4 epoxy
Chemically composed of woven fiberglass cloth with a flame- retardant epoxy resin
binder
Dielectric constant = 4.4
• Bakelite
• RT Duroid
Ceramic composite designed for electronic and microwave circuit applications
• Rogers RO003
Dielectric constant = 3.4
 Taconic TLC
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24. • Recent researches have extensively explored microstrip patch antenna design for
deriving better performance
• Day by day new wireless devices are introducing which increases the demands of
compact antennas.
• In modern wireless communication devices, Microstrip patch antennas are
commonly used over conventional antennas.
• Nanotechnology is providing new set of tools to design and manufacture
miniaturized components.
• One of the novel techniques in slotted microstrip patch antenna design is to cut
nano-sized slots over the substrate of the patch.
• A lot of research is undergoing on design ,fabrication and characteristics of
Graphene for different applications.
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