This slide is about the historical development of loom Weaving machine Loom machine History of loom Horizontal loom Vertical loom Chronological loom Pit loom Frame loom Automatic loom Power loom Modern loom Air jet loom Water loom projectile loom Rapier loom Multiphase loom Textile engineering

1. Page | 1
Green University of Bangladesh
Department of Textile Engineering
B. Sc.in Textile Engineering
Course Code: TEX 205
Course Title: Weaving Technology
Date of Submission: 31.08.2020
Assignment Topic: Historical Development of Loom Machines
Submitted By
Md Faisal Ahmed Biplob
ID: 191003045
Batch: 191 D (2)
GUB
Submitted To
Md Faisal Mahmud
Lecturer
Dept. of TE
GUB

2. Page | 2
Historical development of the loom machine
Contents
• Introduction
• History of Loom
• Horizontal Loom
• Chronological Development
• Vertical Loom
• Pit loom
• Frame loom
• Semi-automatic loom
• Hattersley loom
• Ordinary power loom
• Automatic power loom
• Modern loom
• Air-jet loom
• Water jet loom
• Rapier loom
• Projectile loom
• Multiphase loom
• Conclusion

3. Page | 3
Introduction
Looms are mainly utilized for the method of fabrication, in which two
distinct sets of yarns the warps and wefts are interlaced at right angles to
form a fabric or cloth. The cloth is usually weaved on a loom, a device
that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven
through them. A fabric band that meets this definition of cloth can also
be made using other methods like knitting, tablet weaving, back-strap, or
other techniques without looms. The way the warp and filling threads
(weft) interlace with each other is called the weave.
So, particularly the weaving process is mainly done on looms or
weaving machines. The primary distinction between different types of
looms is the manner of filling insertion. The principal elements of any
type of loom are the shedding, picking, and beating-up devices. In
shedding, a path is formed for the filling by raising some warp threads
while others are left down. Picking consists essentially of projecting the
filling yarn from one side of the loom to the other. Beating-up forces the
pick that has just been left in the shed, up to the fell of the fabric. This is
accomplished by the reed, which is brought forward with some force by
the lay. Despite having those basic mechanisms, the modern looms or
machines obligate more functional and quality parts also. This
manuscript highlighted the historical development of loom by
elaborating functional and physical belongings of the loom from ancient
to modern mainly.
Small History
◦ Egyptians made woven fabrics some 6000 years ago.
◦ Chinese made fine fabrics from silk over 4000 years
ago.
◦ A shedding mechanism was originally invented in
china in the 3rd
century and introduced in Europe.

4. Page | 4
Historical Development of loom
Today’s modern loom has not yet come automatically, after passing a
long period
the modern loom has been invented. The process of developing the loom
is still running. Today’s modern looms are the results of chronological
development which require several decades.

5. Page | 5
1. Vertical Loom
▪ No heald shaft, warp beam, the reed is present
▪ All primary motions are manual.
▪ Picking is done by hand.
▪ Only the vertical frame is used to stretch the warp yarn.
2. Pit loom
This loom is created by Sunkun four posters into the ground and with an
overhang sley. The thread work inside the pit, so that the warp threads
may absorb moisture and better weaving will result. In this loom the
combination of sley and shuttle boxes. In 1733 A. D John kay of bury,
England invented the ‘’Fly Shuttle “.
This invention was an extremely important event in the history and
development of weaving.

6. Page | 6
3. Frame loom
Frame looms almost have similar mechanisms that ground looms hold.
The loom was made of rods and panels fastened and the right angles to
construct a form similar to a box to make it handier and more
manageable. This type of loom is being utilized even until now due to its
economy and portability.
▪ The loom is made by a wooden frame.
▪ Heald shaft, warp beam, the reed is present.
▪ All primary motions are present.
4. Semi-Automatic loom
▪ The loom is made by a heavy wooden frame.
▪ All the primary motions are manual.
▪ Only take-up motion is automatic. Five wheels take-up mechanism
is introduced to regulate picks per inch.

7. Page | 7
▪ Let-off is also manual (using chain, lever, and weight system).
5. Hattersley loom
▪ The loom is made by an iron frame
▪ Shedding, picking, take-up is automatic
▪ Beat up and let off is manual.
6. Ordinary power loom
▪ The loom is run by the power system.
▪ Except for let-off, all primary and secondary motions are
automatic.
▪ In case of warp or weft yarn breakage, loom stopped by manually.
▪ The shuttle change mechanism is done manually.

8. Page | 8
7. Automatic/Shuttle loom
▪ All primary and secondary motions are automatic.
▪ Tertiary motions are present here.
▪ The shuttle change mechanism is automatic.
Modern loom
▪ All primary, secondary and tertiary emotions are automatic.
▪ The shuttle is not used here.
▪ Weft insertion is done by various mechanisms such as projectile
air, water, etc.
▪ Productivity high.
▪ Product quality better.

9. Page | 9
1. Air-jet loom
This loom uses a jet of air to propel the filling yarn strength the shed it
requires uniform filling yarn. They are suitable for use with medium
weight yarns then very light and very heavy yarn.
2. Water-jet loom
A pre-measured length of filling yarn is carried across the loom by an air
jet of water. It can produce superior quality of fabrics.
3. Rapier loom

10. Page | 10
A rapier loom is a shuttle less weaving loom in which the filling yarn is
carried through the shed of warp yarns to the other side of the loom by
finger-like carriers called rapiers. A stationary package of yarn is used to
supply the weft yarns in the rapier machine.
4. Projectile loom
The projectile loom is shuttle less. It is used widely in fabric production.
By this projectile loom, filling of yarn is done by using a small metal
device resembling a bullet in appearance with clamp for gripping the
yarn at one end, which is then propelled into and through the shed.
Multiphase loom
Multiphase looms are two types- 1. Circular Multiphase Loom 2. Flat
Multiphase Loom. Mechanism (Weft insertion) of the circular
multiphase loom: Ø Two beams are used to supply the warp, which
passes around the backrests and is then spread into circular form by a
series of closed reeds.

11. Page | 11
Conclusion
The weaving industries are one of the largest foreign currency earning
sectors in this modern era and to increase the amount of foreign currency
proper maintenance and better-quality looms are required. Again, as it is
notable that, there are some problems in operating with modern looms
too so it is high time to continue research for the further development of
loom to ensure good quality products, get clean fabric surface, and
minimize the rate of yarn breakages and so on. This featured
documentary directly does not indicate the development of new loom
but surely be helpful for the learners to know about the historical
development of loom at a glance in today’s textile sector.
References
• Presentation slide
• Different website
• Course material
• Class lecture
THE END