1. LOGO

2. LOGO
 Present simple
 Present continuous
 Present perfect
 Present perfect continuous
 Past simple
 Past continuous
 Past perfect
 Past perfect continuous
 Future simple
 Future continuous
 Future perfect
 Future perfect continuous
 Past future simple
 Past future continuous
 Past future perfect
 Past future perfect continuous

3. LOGO
Uses:
 To talk about general truth
 To talk about daily routines
Forms:
+
S + base verb + object/adverb
S + is/am/are + complement
_
S + do/does + not + base verb + object/adverb
S + is/am/are + not + complement

4. LOGO
?
Do/does + s + base verb + object/adverb
Is/am/are + s + complement
-?
Don’t/doesn’t + s + base verb + object/adverb
Is/am/are + s + not + complement
Note:
Spelling of final –s and –es (singular)
 For ch, o, sh, ss, x, we need to add –es
(catch - catches, do - does, wash - washes, miss - misses, fix - fixes)
 For –consonant + y, we need to change -y to –ies
(cry - cries, fry – fries, try – tries)

5. LOGO
 For –vowel + y, we just need to add –s
Examples:
+
 The world is round
 He plays football
_
 She is not/isn’t fat
 He does not/doesn’t play football
?
 Is she fat?
 Does he play football
-?
 Is she not fat?
 Don’t they play football?

6. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that is going on in the moment of speaking
 to describe temporary event or situations
Forms:
+
S + am/is/are + present participle
_
S + am/is/are + not + present participle
?
Am/is/are + s + present participle
-?
Am/is/are + s + not + present participle

7. LOGO
Note:
Spelling of final –ing
 For one consonant + -e, we should drop –e and add –ing
(dance – dancing, ride – riding)
 For one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant and add
–ing
(cut – cutting, run – running)
note:
do not double the consonant x, w, y
( pay – paying, fix – fixing, snow – snowing)
 For double consonant, we just add –ing and don’t double the
consonant
(keep – keeping, read – reading)
 For double consonant, we just add – ing and don’t double the
consonant

8. LOGO
Examples:
+
 She is playing
 They are studying
_
 She is not/isn’t playing
 They are not/aren’t studying
?
 Is she playing
 Are they studying
-?
 Is she not playing?
 Are they not studying

9. LOGO
Uses:
 To talk about experiences
 To expresses the idea that something happened/never happened before
the present time
 To expresses the actions repeated in an unspecified time between the past
and present .
 The present perfect tense refers to the actions completed in a very recent
past .
Forms:
+
S + has/have + past participle
S + has/have + been + complement
_
S + has/have + not + past participle
S + has/have + not + been + complement

10. LOGO
?
Has/have + s + past participle
Has/have + s + been + complement
-?
Has/have + s + not + past participle
Has/have + s + not + been + complement
Note:
Using for an since
 For - the action began in the past and continues to the present.
 Since - expresses the idea that an activity began at a definite time
in the past and continues to the present.

11. LOGO
Note:
Using already, yet, just, never, and ever
 Already - expresses the idea that something has happened before
now, sooner than expected and there is no need for repetition
 Yet - expresses the idea that something has not happened until
now ( up to this time), but it may happen in the future. It is used in
the end of a sentence
 Just - expresses the idea that something happened a very short
time ago, and it is a very recent event.
 Never - means at no time before. It is important to note that , never
is a negative adverb, and it shouldn’t be used with ‘not’ in a
negative sentence.
 Ever – is used in questions, negative questions, statements
including superlative form, negative statements

12. LOGO
Examples:
+
 She has eaten a lot of food
 They have been in the team for two years
_
 She has not/hasn’t eaten a lot of food
 They have not/haven’t been in the team for two years
?
 Has she eaten a lot food?
 Have they been in the team for two years?
-?
 Has she not eaten a lot of food?
 Have they not been in the team for two years?

13. LOGO
Uses:
 To indicates the duration of an activity that began in the past and continues
to the present. since, for, all morning, all day, all week, etc.
 Is used without any specific mention of time, it indicates a general activity in
progress recently, lately.
Forms:
+
S + have/has + been + present participle
_
S + have/has + not + been + present participle

14. LOGO
?
Have/has + s + been + present participle
-?
Have/has + s + not + been + present participle
Examples:
+
 He has been playing for one hour
 They have been studying since ten o’clock
_
 He has not/hasn’t been playing for one hour
 They have not/haven’t been studying since ten o’clock

15. LOGO
?
 Has he been playing for one hour?
 Have they been studying since ten o’clock?
-?
 Has he not been playing for one hour?
 Have they been studying since ten o’clock?

16. LOGO
Uses:
 To talk about completed action in the past
 To talk about habits in the past
 To talk about a series of completed actions
 To talk about single duration
Forms:
+
S + past verb
S + was/were + complement
_
S + did + not + base verb
S + was/were + not + complement

17. LOGO
?
Did + s + base verb
Was/were + s + complement
-?
Did + s + not + base verb
Was/were + s + not + complement
Note:
Spelling of –ed (regular verbs)
 For a consonant + -e, we add –d
(dance – danced)
 For one vowel + one consonant, we double the consonant and add –ed
( plan – planned)
note:
do not double w and x
(fix – fixed)

18. LOGO
 For two vowel + one consonant, we just add –ed
(need – needed)
 For two consonant, we just add –ed
(help – helped)
Examples:
+
 We went to Spain on the last semester holiday
 He was the fastest runner in 1999
_
 We didn’t go to Spain on the last semester holiday
 He wasn’t the fastest runner in 1999

19. LOGO
?
 Did you go anywhere on the last semester
holiday?
 Was he the fastest runner in 1999?
-?
 Didn’t you go anywhere on the last semester
holiday?
 Wasn’t he the fastest runner in 1999?

20. LOGO
Uses:
 Expresses an activity that was happening (in progress)
at a specific time in the past
 To say that something happened in the middle of
another activity. In each of the following examples, the
single event (past simple) happens in the middle of a
longer action (past continuous)
Forms:
+
S + was/were + present participle
_
S + was/were + not + present participle

21. LOGO
?
Was/were + s + present participle
-?
Was/were + s + not + present participle
Examples:
+
 They were swimming in the swimming pool
 He was riding a car
_
 They were not/weren’t swimming in the swimming pool
 He was not/wasn’t riding a car

22. LOGO
?
 Were they swimming in the swimming pool?
 Was he riding a car?
-?
 Were they not swimming in the swimming pool?
 Was he not riding a car?

23. LOGO
Uses:
 Expresses an activity which was completed before
another activity or time in the past
 When before or after is used in a sentence, the past perfect is not
necessary because the time relationship is already clear; therefore,
simple past may be used instead, without any change in the
meaning.
Forms:
+
S + had + past participle
S + had + been + complement
_
S + had + not + past participle
S + had + not + been + complement

24. LOGO
?
Had + s + past participle
Had + s + been + complement
-?
Had + s + not + past participle
Had + s + not + been + complement
Examples:
+
 I had finished my homework
 We had been in here for just a moment ago

25. LOGO
_
 I had not/hadn’t finished my homework
 We had not/hadn’t been in here for just a moment ago
?
 Had I finished my homework?
 Had we been in here for just a moment ago?
-?
 Had I not finished my homework?
 Had we not been in here for just a moment ago?

26. LOGO
Uses:
 expresses the duration of an activity which was in
progress before another time or activity in the past.
 expresses the duration of an activity which was in
progress before another time or activity in the past.
Forms:
+
S + had + been + present participle
_
S + had + not + been + present participle

27. LOGO
?
Had + s + been + present participle
-?
Had + s + not + been + present participle
Examples:
+
 It had been working since a while ago
 You had been running for forty-five minutes
_
 It had not/hadn’t been working since a while ago
 You had not/hadn’t been running for forty-five minutes

28. LOGO
?
 Had it been working since a while ago?
 Had you been running for forty-five minutes?
-?
 Had it not been working since a while ago?
 Had you not been running for forty-five minutes?

29. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that will happen in the future
Forms:
+
S + will + base verb + complement
S + is/am/are + going to + complement
_
S + will + not + base verb + complement
S + is/am/are + not + going to + complement

30. LOGO
?
Will + s + base verb + complement
Is/am/are + s + going to + complement
-?
Will + s + not + base verb + complement
Is/am/are + s + not + going to + complement
Note:
Will vs. Going to
 Using “will” to express a voluntary action / willingness
 Using “will” in promises.
 Using “be going to” to express a future plan
 Using “be going to” and “will” to express predictions

31. LOGO
Examples:
+
 I will be in the team tomorrow
 She is going to have new bike in her birthday
_
 I will not/won’t be in the team tomorrow
 She is not/isn’t going to have a new bike in her birthday
?
 Will I be in the team tomorrow?
 Is she going to have new bike in her birthday?
-?
 Will I not be in the team tomorrow?
 Is she not going to have new bike in her birthday?

32. LOGO
Uses:
 To project ourselves into the future and see something
happening
 To refer to actions/events that will happen in the normal
course of events
 To predict or guess about someone's actions or
feelings, now or in the future
Forms:
+
S + will be + present participle
_
S + will not be + present participle

33. LOGO
?
Will + s + be + present participle
-?
Will + s + not + be + present participle
Examples:
+
 They will be leaving now
 He will be studying now
_
 They will not/won’t be leaving now
 He will not/won’t be studying now

34. LOGO
?
 Will they be leaving now?
 Will he be studying now?
-?
 Will they not be leaving now?
 Will he not be studying now?

35. LOGO
Uses:
 To show that an action will already be completed by a
certain time in the future. We use present perfect tense
with verbs which point to completion
Forms:
+
S + will + have + past participle
S + will + have + been + complement
_
S + will + not + have + past participle
S + will + not + have + been + complement

36. LOGO
?
Will + s + have + past participle
Will + s + have + been + complement
-?
Will + s + not + have + past participle
Will + s + not + have + been + complement
Examples:
+
 I will have left Ankara by the time you receive this letter.
 They will have completed the bridge by the end of the
year.

37. LOGO
_
 I will not/won’t have left Ankara by the time you receive this letter.
 They will not/won’t have completed the bridge by the end of the
year.
?
 Will you have left Ankara by the time you receive this letter?
 Will they have completed the bridge by the end of the year?
-?
 Will you not have left Ankara by the time you receive this letter?
 Will they not have completed the bridge by the end of the year?

38. LOGO
Uses:
 To show that an action will already be completed by a certain time in the
future. We use present perfect tense with verbs which point to completion
Forms:
+
S + will + have + been + present participle
_
S + will + not + have + been + present participle
?
Will + s + have + been + present participle
-?
Will + s + not + have + present participle

39. LOGO
Examples:
+
 He will has been playing by the time you come
 They will have been studying by 7 o’clock
_
 He will not/won’t has been playing by the time you come
 They will not/won’t have been studying by 7 o’clock
?
 Will he has been playing by the time you come?
 Will they have been studying by 7 o’clock?

40. LOGO
-?
 Will he not has been playing by the time you
come?
 Will they not have been studying by 7 o’clock?

41. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that will be happen in past time
Forms:
+
S + should/would + be + complement
S + should/would + base verb
_
S + should/would + not + be + complement
S + should/would + not + base verb

42. LOGO
?
Would/should + s + be + complement
Would/should + s + base verb
-?
Would/should + s + not + be + complement
Would/should + s + not + base verb
Examples:
+
 He would be here now if you invited him
 We would come to his house but it rained very hard that
night

43. LOGO
_
 We would not/wouldn’t come to his house if it didn’t rained very
hard that night
 He wouldn’t/would not be here now if you didn’t invited her
?
 Would he be here now if you invited him?
 Would we come to your house if it didn’t rained very hard that
night?
-?
 Would he not be here now if you invited him?
 Would we not come to your house if it didn’t rained very hard that
night?

44. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that will be happened and it is
still happening in the future
Forms:
+
S + would/should + be + present participle
_
S + would/should + not + be + present participle
?
Would/should + s + be + present participle

45. LOGO
-?
Would/should + s + not + be + present participle
Examples:
+
 He would be reading the novel from seven to ten last night
_
 He would not/wouldn’t be reading the novel from seven to ten last
night
?
 Would he be reading the novel from seven to ten last night?
-?
 Would he not be reading the novel from seven to ten last night?

46. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that will be completed in the past time
Forms:
+
S + would/should + have + been + complement
S + would/should + have + past participle
_
S + would/should + not + have + been + complement
S + would/should + not + have + past participle
?
Would/should + s + have + past participle
Would/should + s + have + been + complement

47. LOGO
-?
Would/should + s + not + have + past participle
Would/should + s + not + have + been + complement
Examples:
+
 He would have built the house by July last year
 You should have been here a moment ago
_
 He wouldn’t/would not have built the house by July last
year
 You shouldn’t/should not have been here a moment ago

48. LOGO
?
 Would they have built the house by July last
year?
 Should they have been here a moment ago?
-?
 Would they not have built the house by July last
year?
 Should they not have been here a moment ago?

49. LOGO
Use:
 To talk about an action that will be started and it is
happening until the future in the past time
Forms:
+
S + would/should + have + been + present participle
_
S + would/should + not + have + been + present participle
?
would/should + s + have + been + present participle

50. LOGO
-?
Would/should + s + not + have + been + present participle
Examples:
+
 Henry should have been studying for the examination last night
 They would have been working in the company for two years by the
time I moved to the university five years ago
_
 Henry shouldn’t have been playing computer games last night
 They wouldn’t have been sitting before I told them
?
 Should Henry have been studying for the examination last night?
 Would they have been working in the company for two years by the
time I moved to the university five years ago?

51. LOGO
-?
 Would they not have been working in the
company for two years by the time I moved to
the university five years ago?
 Should Henry not have been studying for the
examination last night?

52. LOGO