Chapter 2

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CHAPTER 2
CLASSIFICATION OF TENSES
NAMA : SANTI MARLINAH
KELAS : 1EA26
NIM : 16211599
MATA KULIAH : BAHASA INGGRIS #
1. PRESENT TENSE
1.1 Simple Present Tense :
 Simple Present Tense is a verb form that used to express :
 An action that happens all the time or habit. It happens : every day, week, month,
year, etc.
 A thing that is true in general
 A schedule/time table or a plan
 A description and definition
Time markers that are usually used : always, as a rule, generally, normally, usually,
often, every day, every week, every evening, every Sunday, in the morning, in
march, on Friday, at night, never, some time, once in while, occasionally, seldom,
once in week, etc.
 Pattern :
A : S + To be (am, is, are) + ………………
B : S + Verb I + (s/es) + ………………
Pattern B :
Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
S + Verb I + (s/es) S + Do /Does Not + Verb I Do/Does + S + Verb I
I/We/You/ They + Verb I
(She, He, It) + Verb I +
s/es
(I, We, You, They) + do not
+ Verb I
(She, He, It) + does not
Verb I + s/es
Do + (I, We, You, They)
Verb I
Does + (She, He, It)
Verb I
1.2 Present Continuous Tense :
 The Present Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express :
 An action which is happening now or at the moment of speaking
 A future time
 Talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not
necessarily exactly at the time of speaking.
 Talk about the changing situation
Time markers that are usually used : now, at the moment, at present, tonight,
tomorrow.

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 Pattern :
S + To Be + VI (ing) S + To Be + Not + VI (ing) To Be + S + VI (ing)
I + am + VI (ing)
We/They/You + are + VI (ing)
She/He/It + is + VI (ing)
I + am + not + VI (ing)
We/They/You + Not + VI
(ing)
She/He/It + not + VI (ing)
Am + I + VI (ing)
Are + We/They/You+VI
(ing)
It + She/He/It + VI (ing)
1.3 Present Perfect Tense :
 The Present Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express :
 An action has completed before the present time
 An action that has an effect on the present situation
 An activity or a state that has continued for a period of time from a point the past
until the present. This action is not completed; it is still going on up the present.
The Markers that are usually used : already, just, not yet, since, for, etc.
 Pattern :
S + have/has + V III S + have/has + not + V III Have/Has + S + V III
I/We/You/They + have +
V III
She/He/It + has + V III
I/We/You/They + have + not
+ V III
She/He/It + has +not + V III
Have + I/We/You/They/ + V
III
Has + She/He/It + V III
1.4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense :
 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express an action
(quite a long action) which began in the past and has continued to the present. The
action or state has not stopped at the present time; it is still happening or going on.
The Markers that are usually used : since, for.
 Pattern :
S + have/has + been + VI
(ing)
S + have/has + not + been
+ VI (ing)
Have/has + S + been + VI
(ing)
been + V I (ing)
She/He/It + has + been +
V I (ing)
not + V I (ing)
She/He/It + has +not +
been + V I (ing)
Have + I/We/You/They/ +
been + V I (ing)
Has + She/He/It + been +
V I (ing)
S + To be (am, is, are) + Verb I + (ing) + ………………
S + have/has + Verb III + ………………
S + have/has + been + V (ing) + ………………

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2. PAST TENSE
2.1 Simple Past Tense :
 The Simple Past Tense is a verb form that is used to express :
 One action which happened or took place at particular time in the past.
 Repeated, habitual action in the past
 Pattern :
S + Verb II S + did + not + Verb I Did + S + Verb I
We/You/They/She/He/It
+ Verb II
I/We/You/They /She/He/It
+ not + Verb I
Did + I/We/You/They/She/He/It
+ Verb I
2.2 Past Continuous Tense :
 The Past Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express :
 An action that was taking place simultaneously when it was interrupted by an
other activity in the past. This tense is rarely used by itself.
 An action which was occurring at some specific time in the past
The Markers that are usually : when, while, at, etc
 Pattern :
3
S + Verb II S + did + not + Verb I Did + S + Verb I
I + was + V I (ing)
We/You/They + were+ V I
(ing)
He/She/It + was + V I (ing)
I + was + not + V I (ing)
We/You/They + were+ not + V I
(ing)
He/She/It + was + not + V I (ing)
Was + I + V I (ing)
Were + We/You/They + V I (ing)
Was + He/She/Iy + V I (ing)
2.3 Past Perfect Tense
 The Past Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express an action that had
happened or was completed in the past before other action in the past. The markers
that are usually used ; after, before.
 Pattern :
S + Had + Past Pariciple
or V III
S + Had + not + Past Pariciple
or V III
Had + S + Past participle or
V III
A : S + To be was/were+ ……………….
B : S + Verb II + ………………
S + was/were + Verb I + (ing) + ……………… + When/While + S + Verb II
S + had + Past Participle or Verb III + ………

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2.4 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express ;
 A longer action that had happened and continued up to the past moment,
ended or stopped just before something else in the past.
 An activity which is in progress in the past
The markers that are usually used : before, for.
 Pattern :
S + Had + been + V I (ing) S + Had + not + been + V I (ing) Had + S + been + V I (ing)
3. FUTURE TENSE
3.1 Simple Future Tense
 The simple future Tense is a verb form that is used to express a willingness or
prediction or an action that is going to happen in the future. We often use will to be
going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in
the future.
Time Markers that are usually used ; tonight, tomorrow, next week, next month,
next year, in the future, in ten days, from now, ten years now, this weekend, etc.
 Pattern ;
I/We + shall + V I
You/They/She/He/It + will
+ V I
I/We + shall +not + V I
You/They/She/He/It + will +
not + V I
Shall + I/We + V I
Will + You/They/She/He/It +
+ V I
3.2 Future Continuous Tense
 The Future Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express an activity that
will be in progress at a time in the future.
Time markers that are usually used ; at this time tomorrow, next week, next month,
next year, until, when, etc.
 Pattern :
I/We + shall +be + V I
(ing)
+ be + V I (ing)
I/We + shall +not + be + V I
(ing)
not + be + V I (ng)
Shall + I/We + be + V I (ing)
be + V I (ing)
S + had + been + V I (ing) + ………
S + shall/will + V I + ………
S + shall/will + be + V I (ing) + ………

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3.3 Future Perfect Tense
 The Future Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express an action that will be
completed before other even or certain time in the future.
The markers that are usually used : by this time next week, by June, by next month,
by next year, by 2015, etc
 Pattern :
I/We + shall +have + VIII
+ have + V III
I/We + shall +not + have + V III
not + have + V III
Shall + I/We + have + V III
have + V III
3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express :
 An action that will be in progress before another time or event in the future
 An action that emphasizes the continuity of a future achievement
The markers that are usually used : for three hours at that thime, two hours by six
o’clock, the whole time, etc
 Pattern :
I/We + shall +have + been
+ VI (ing)
+ have + been + V I (ing)
I/We + shall +not + have +been
+ V I (ing)
not + have + been + V I (ing)
Shall + I/We + have +been +
V I (ing)
have + been + V I (ing)
4. PAST FUTURE TENSE
4.1 Past Future Tense
 The Future Tense is a verb form that is used to express an action that is will happen
in the past.
The markers that usually used: the next day, the day before, the week before, etc.
 Pattern :
I/We + should +VI
You/They/She/He/It +
would + V I
I/We + should + not + VI
You/They/She/He/It + would +
Not + V I
should +I/We + VI
Would +
You/They/She/He/It + V I
S + shall/will + have + Past Participle/V III + ………
S + shall/will + have + been + Present Participle/V I (ing) + ………
S + should/would + V I + ………
S + should/would + V I + if + S + V II + ………

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4.2 Past Future Continuous Tense
 The Past Future Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express an activity
that will be in progress at a time in the future
The Markers that usually used : at this time to following day, at nine yesterday, on
monday last week, in june last year, etc
 Pattern :
S + should/would + be + Present Participle/V I (ing) + ………
I/We + should + be+ VI
(ing)
You/They/She/He/It +
would + be + V I (ing)
I/We + should + not + be+ VI
(ing)
not+ be + V I (ing)
Should +I/We + be + VI (ing)
Would +
You/They/She/He/It + be +
V I (ing)
4.3 Past Future Perfect Tense
 The Past Future Perfect Tense is a verb form that is used to express an action that
will be completed before other even or certain time in the past.
 Pattern :
S + should/would + have + V III + ………
I/We + should + have
+VIII
You/They/She/He/It
+ would + have + V III
I/We + should +not + have
+VIII
not + have + V III
Should + I/We + have + VIII
Would +
You/They/She/He/It + have
+ V III
4.4 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 The Future Perfect ContinuousTense is a verb form that is used an action that will be
in progress before another time or event in the past. The markers that usually used :
by last Christmas, by march last year, by the end of this month
 Pattern :
S + should/would + have + been+ Present Participle/V I (ing) + ………
…
Affirmative (+) Negative (-)
I/We + should + have + been+V I (ing)
You/They/She/He/It + would + have +
been + V I (ing)
I/We + should + not + have + been+V I (ing)
You/They/She/He/It + would + not + have
+ been + V I (ing)
Refferensi :
- 12 Tenses to Master in a day, Drs. Slamet Riyanto, M.Pd. Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta
- Tenses 16 Bentuk Waktu, Sam. S.Warib, Apoll- Surabaya

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