http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/afcas/afcas25/en/

1. African Commission on Agriculture Statistics / Commission africaine des statistiques agricoles,
Entebbe, Uganda, 13 - 17 Nov 2017
AGENDA ITEM 3.2:
CROP & LIVESTOCK INDICATORS
Roswitha Baumung and Stefano Diulgheroff
Animal Production Officer and Information Management Officer, FAO

2. SDG GOAL, TARGET & INDICATOR
Goal 2 is to end hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition
and promote sustainable agriculture.
Target 2.5 is concerned with genetic resources for food and
agriculture:
“by 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated
plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their
related wild species….”
This target is measured by two indicators:
Indicator 2.5.1: “number of plant and animal genetic resources
for food and agriculture secured in either medium or long term
conservation facilities”
Indicator 2.5.2: “proportion of local breeds classified as being at
risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction”

3. INDICATOR FORMULA
Indicator 2.5.1: “number of plant and animal genetic
resources for food and agriculture secured in either
medium or long term conservation facilities”
Indicator 2.5.2: “proportion of local breeds classified as
being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of
extinction”

4. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
• Monitoring framework endorsed by FAO Commission on GRFA:
status and trends of GRFA described through globally agreed
indicators and country-driven assessments
• Indirect measurement of the total genetic diversity secured for
future use
• Positive variations approximated to an increase in the agro-
biodiversity secured, while negative variations to a loss of it

5. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
PGRFA include:
• crop varieties (improved and traditional),
• research materials (breeding lines, genetic stocks, etc.),
• populations of crop wild relatives.

6. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
Ex situ genebanks (medium or long term conservation
facilities): - seed GBs
- field GBs
- in vitro GBs
- cryo GBs
Accession: a sample of seeds, planting materials or plants,
conserved in a GB. Each accession should be distinct and,
in terms of genetic integrity, as close as possible to the
sample provided originally
Base collections vs Active collection…

7. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
WIEWS - World Information and Early Warning System for
plant genetic resources
• FAO system for PGRFA since the late ‘80s
• Used by countries to
• report to FAO on the implementation of the
Second Global Plan of Action for PGRFA and SDG
target 2.5
• retrieve information
• Key info source for nat/reg/int assessments
(CRs/SOWs/SDG)
• Component of the Information System of the
International Treaty on PGRFA

8. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
WIEWS - Info-repository for:
• 63 GPA indicators and plant component of SDG 2.5.1
• 4.7 M accessions held in over 600 genebanks
…
• 100 k cultivars (~9k from the last GPA reporting)
• PGRFA institutions and contacts incl. officially appointed
National Focal Points
…

9. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS

10. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
WIEWS – Who enters the data?
• Data reported to WIEWS by countries and international centres
are official
• Access to the WIEWS Reporting System is restricted to the
officially appointed National Focal Points (NFP) for plant genetic
resources. NFP can enable other users with similar or lower data
editing/writing privileges
• SDG country data if already published in publicly accessible
systems using the standard FAO/Bioversity MCPD can be retrieved
by FAO upon NFP’s request

11. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS
WIEWS - How to Calculate the Indicator?
• WIEWS calculates the indicator
• Providing graphics which can be exported to be used in word
documents or ppts

12. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 PLANTS

13. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 ANIMALS
• Number of national breed populations with sufficient material
stored in a gene bank
• The conservation of animal genetic material over the medium and
long term is done by cryoconservation.
• Cryoconservation is the deep-freezing of semen, embryos, oocytes
(immature eggs) and other types of tissue in liquid nitrogen.
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture
secured in either medium or long term conservation facilities

14. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 ANIMALS
• The national breed population of a country consists of the animal
belonging to a specific breed kept in the respective country.
• Populations with sufficient material stored means national breed
populations with an amount of genetic material stored which is
required to reconstitute the breed (differs between type of
material, species, storage condiditions etc.; based on the
guidelines on cryconservation of animal genetic resources, FAO,
2012, accessible at
(http://www.Fao.Org/docrep/016/i3017e/i3017e00.Htm)

15. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• A local breed occurs only in one country (different to
transboundary breeds with national breed populations in several
countries).
• The risk of extinction is linked to the number of animal belonging
to a breed, the lower the number the higher the risk.
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at
unknown level of risk of extinction

16. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
A wide range of experts developed the following risk categories (see
also http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3327e/i3327e.pdf)
• Unknown (population data is unavailable or more than 10 ys old)
• Not at risk (no risk of extinction)
• Vulnerable (medium risk)
• Endangered (high risk)
• Critical (very high risk)
• Cryoconserved only (no breeding males or females remain, but
sufficient material is available to reconstitute the breed)
• Extinct (no breeding males or females remain, not enough
cryoconserved material available)
Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at
unknown level of risk of extinction

17. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• Hosted by FAO
• Communication and information tool for implementing strategies
for the management of animal genetic resources (AnGR)
• Provides the user with searchable databases of breed-related
information, images, management tools, links and contacts of
regional and national coordinators for the management of AnGR
• Clearing house mechanism recognized by Convention of Biological
Diversity
DAD-IS – Domestic Animal Diversity Information System

18. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• Contains data from 8800 breeds, from 182 countries and 38
species
• Allows to enter data for the calculation of the animal element of
SDG indicator 2.5.1 and 2.5.2
• Calculates the animal element of SDG indicator 2.5.1 and 2.5.2 for
country, region or globally
• Provides graphical presentations of SDG indicator 2.5.1 and 2.5.2
for country, region or globally
DAD-IS – Domestic Animal Diversity Information System

19. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• DAD-IS Data are official country data
• Only the officially nominated national coordinator (NC) for the
management of animal genetic resources can enter data
• The NC is nominated by the respective ministry of the country (e.g.
Ministry of Agriculture)
• FAO provides usernames and password, but does not enter or
amend data provided by countries
DAD-IS – Who enters the data?

20. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.1 ANIMALS
• Cryo data (storage status per year)
• Where such data can be found: in national or regional gene banks
– contact the genebank manager
• Updates possibly on yearly base
DAD-IS - data for SDG indicator 2.5.1

21. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• Population size data (status per year)
• Where such data can be found:
• Livestock Censuses on breed level
• Breeders associations
• Household surveys
• Key-informants and rapid appraisals
• Update at least every10 years!
DAD-IS - data for SDG indicator 2.5.2

22. INDICATOR METHODOLOGY – 2.5.2 ANIMALS
• DAD-IS is calculating the indicators
• Estimating if genetic material stored is “sufficient” in case of
uncertainty of the NC
• Providing graphics which can be exported to be used in word
documents or ppts
DAD-IS- How to Calculate the Indicator?

23. AFCAS25, Entebbe, Uganda 13-17 Nov 2017
Empirical RESULTS

24. INDICATOR POLICY USE AND INTERPRETATION
• Knowledge on genetic resources is fundamental to their
conservation and sustainable use.
• A prerequisite to make informed decisions
• Even vital, genetic diversity is under threat due to intensive
farming, mechanization, demand for uniform products,
uncontrolled crossbreeding, land use change, habitat
degradation, overharvesting, climate change, etc.
• Monitoring the implementation and the impact of National
Strategies and Action Plans, Global Action Plans…..

25. INDICATOR LIMITATIONS
Target 2.5 is concerned with genetic resources for food
and agriculture:
“by 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds,
cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated
animals and their related wild species, including
through soundly managed and diversified seed and
plant banks at the national, regional and international
levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable
sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic
resources and associated traditional knowledge, as
internationally agreed.”

26. IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES
• National coordinator/National focal point needs to update the data
information systems regularly (WIEWS/DAD-IS)
• National coordinator/ National focal point needs support from
statisticians for indicator 2.5.2:
• If no national information systems are available, population size
data need to be collected either via livestock censuses on breed
level or household surveys
• The indicators are as good as the underlying data

27. FAO – CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT/TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
• Frequent training courses on the use the data
information systems
• Training on the interpretation of SDG indicators
• E-learning courses on indicators in preparation
• Guidelines on surveying and monitoring

28. FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT:
INDICATOR 2.5.1 – Stefano.Diulgheroff@fao.org
INDICATOR 2.5.2 – Roswitha.baumung@fao.org
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