The document discusses the prefix "ter-" in Bahasa Indonesian. It is used to form stative verbs and emphasize accidental or unintended actions. Examples are provided of ter- being used for superlatives, to indicate a passive voice where the agent is unimportant, and to express ability. The prefix ter- can also function as a superlative form to mean "the most" or "the best." Overall rules and categories of usage of the ter- prefix are explained.

1. PREFIX Ter-
WRITTEN BY :
EVI NILAM SARI
KKI 113.11.050

2.  What is sometimes confusing when learning
bahasa, are the prefixes and suffixes which
are added to the root word.
 Below are some examples and an
explanation of the basic rules.
 Don‟t worry about learning it all perfectly at
the beginning, at least you will be
understood.
 And here i would give an example the prefix
ter- in bahasa.

3. PREFIX ter-
• The prefix ter- is added to verb roots to form
stative verbs. With a stative meaning-that is,
roots that refer to the state of something or of
a person, the prefix ter- forms a word that
emphasizes the accidentally of the action by
which the state came into being or that is has
been possible for the state to have come into
being. The following list gives stative forms
that we have so far, which also occur prefixed
by ter- :

4. Ter-
• Usage 1 : as a superlative, same as
English word “the most, or suffix -est”. This
ter- is always attached to an adjective.
• Example:
• Terbaik (best) = ter+baik(good)
• Terkecil (smallest) = ter+kecil (small)
• Terbesar (biggest) = ter+besar (big)
• Tercantik (most beautiful) =
ter+cantik(beautiful)

5. • Usage 2 : as passive form, similar to di-
prefix, but used when the actor is not
important. In most cases, it is same as the
English –ed suffix (or past tense form).
• Example :
• Terbatas (limited) = ter+batas (limit)
• Terbentuk (formed) = ter+bentuk (form)
Example in sentence :
Bumi terbentuk tiga milyar tahun yang lalu
“The earth is formed three billions years ago.”

6. • Verbs with prefix ter- have three
categories:
1. Stative :These verbs refer to a state of
affairs and there is no action involved.
Root Ter- root Meaning
In South Kalimantan there is a floating
apung Di Kalimantan Selatan ada pasar terapung.
market.
letak Koran itu terletak di atas meja. The newspaper is located on the table.
tulis Surat itu tertulis dalam bahasa Inggris. That letter is written in English.
buat Bajunya terbuat dari sutera. Her dress is made of silk.

7. 2. Accidental :
Verbs in Indonesian distinguish
between accidental and deliberate
action.
The verb with prefix ter- forms a term
for a variety of uncontrolled actions,
unintended, unexpected, involuntary or
sudden.

8. • Deliberate
Tasnya ditinggalkan di kantor.
His bag was left at the office.
• Accidental
Tasnya tertinggal di kantor.
His bag was left at the office.

9. It can be transitive or intransitive.
• Intransitive
Maman tertidur di kelas.
Maman fell asleep in class.
Tadi pagi saya terbangun jam lima.
This morning I woke at five o’clock.
• Transitive
Buku saya terbawa oleh kamu.
You took my book by mistake.
Obat itu terminum oleh saya.
The medicine was accidentally drunk by me.

10. • The prefix ter- is also used to express
the passive voice, and the agent is of
no importance:
Ter- Root
• Penumpang itu terlempar ke laut.
• Kaki orang itu terinjak oleh Ahmad.
• Rumahnya terbakar tadi malam.

11. Meaning
• The passenger was accidentally thrown
outside.
• The man‟s foot was accidentally
trampled on by Ahmad.
• The house was burned down by
accident last night.

12. 3. Abilitative
These verbs indicate that the agent has the
ability to perform the action. All of them are
transitive verbs and usually negated,
indicating the inability. Sometimes the agent is
not expressed.
Ter- root
• Mobil itu tidak terbeli oleh saya
• Suaranya tidak terdengar.
• Persoalan itu akhirnya terselesaikan.
• Kegagalan ini tidak terhindarkan.

13. Meaning
• I can‟t afford to buy that car.
• Her voice can‟t be heard.
• That problem is finally solved.
• This malfunction is unavoidable.
• Notes
The prefix ter- is also used to explain the
greatest degree of a quality or quantity
among two or more persons or things as a
superlative form to replace the word „paling‟.

14. Root Meaning Ter- root Synonym Meaning
baik good terbaik paling baik the best
buruk bad terburuk paling buruk the worst
akhir end terakhir paling akhir the last one
the greatest number,
banyak a lot terbanyak paling banyak
majority, most
panjang long terpanjang paling panjang the longest

15. WISE WORD
Education is an
ornament in prosperity
and a refuge in
adversity.
~Aristotle~