This is a form and definition of prefix pe- in Indonesian Language

1. PREFIX PE-
in Indonesian Language
presented by:
Muhammad Arif al Hakim
113 11 016
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
OF SALATIGA

2. The Definition of Affix
 Affix or addition is morpheme non-basic
that structurally embedded in basic word
to forming a new words.
e.g. menggunakan (for using)
meng guna kan
prefix basic word suffix
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3. Kinds of Affix
• 1. Prefix
• 2. Infix
• 3. Suffix
• 4. Confix
• 5. Reduplication
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4.  Now, we will discuss about PREFIX, especially for prefix pe-
Form of prefix pe- become different depends on the
basic words that attached to form (pe-).
e.g. pe + diam (silent)
prefix basic word
pendiam (stolid)
Gadis pendiam itu telah pergi ke pasar
The stolid girl had been going to market
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5. The Function of Prefix PE-
• Function of prefix pe- is forming a noun with
nominalization process based on intransitive verb
that prefixed by ber-, or instead from basic word
directly.
e.g. tapa (asceticism)
bertapa (meditate or live as an asceticism)
pertapa (hermit / ascetic)
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6. The Meaning of Prefix PE-
POLA KALIMAT ( PATTERN OF SENTENCES )
No
Predikat Object Keterangan
Subject ( Adverb )
( Verb ) ( Complement )
Dia pembaca novel twilight
She is reader of twilight’s novel
1 (a) to express an agents persona (subject):
pembaca (reader) pe- + baca (read)
penulis (writer) pe- + tulis (write)
Dia seorang petaruh bola
he a backer of soccer
2 (b) to express a patients persona (something or object), inverse
with point (a):
petaruh (backer) pesuruh (lackey)

7. Dia adalah seorang pelaut di laut pasifik
he is a sailor in pasific ocean
1
(c) someone that usually work in somewhere (profession):
pelaut (sailor) pe- + laut (sea)
pedagang (trader) pe- + dagang (trade)
e.g.
Pemabuk itu meninggal dunia kemarin
the drunkard passed away yesterday
2
(d) someone that fond of make something (habituate):
pemabuk (drunkard) pe- + mabuk (drunk)
Pemukul itu memukul andi pada malam hari
the striker beat andi tonight
3 (e) tools or instruments:
penyapu (sweeper) pe- + sapu (sapu)
pemukul (striker) pe- + pukul (strike)

8. The Form of Pseudo Prefix PE-
• There is some words apparently
includes in prefix pe-. Actually, this
words is from basic words that adopted
or absorbed from another language or
because reduplication in first syllable
that started by phoneme /p/.
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9.  the form of adopted:
o pravira (sansekerta) perwira (officer)
o pleister (holland) pelester (plaster)
o voorloper (holland) pelopor (pioner)
o fatwah (arabic) petuah (advice)
 the form of reduplication:
o paya papaya pepaya (papaya)
o patah papatah pepatah (advice)
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10. The Variation of Prefix PE-
No Variation Phoneme Basic Form Example
a ajar* pengajar (teacher)
pe- i iring
pengiring
(accompanist)
1.
u urus pengurus (manager)
peng- pengolah
o olah
(processor)
* note: prefix pe- become peng-, if adhere to basic form
that started with letters “a, i, u, e, o, k, g, h, kh”, like in
the word “ajar” become “pengajar”. Letter “a”
assimilated to phoneme /ŋ/.
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11. pe- w warta pewarta (correspondent)
1
pe- r rawat perawat (nurse)
pe- d dengar pendengar (audience)
2
t tari* penari (dancer)
pen-
* note: prefix pe- become pen-, if adhere to basic form
that started with letters “d, t, c, j, sy, z”, like in the
word “tari” become “penari”. Letter “t” assimilated to
phoneme /n/.
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12. 1 pe- peny- s sayang penyayang (merciful)
*
2 pe- pem- f fitnah pemfitnah (backstabber)
*
3 pe- penge- * tik pengetik (shorthand typist)
•note: prefix pe- become peny-, If adhere with all of the words
started by letter “s”.
•note: prefix pe- become pem-, if adhere to basic form that
started with letter “b, p, f, v”. That’s first letter assimilated to
phoneme /m/.
•note: prefix pe- become penge-, if adhere to all of basic form
that has one syllable.
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13. Verb
lari (run) pelari (runner)
bantu (assist) pembantu (assistant)
Adjective
marah (angry) pemarah (bully)
pe- takut (afraid) penakut
Noun
(coward)
musik (music) pemusik (musician)
rokok (cigarette) perokok (smoker)
Numerial
satu (one) penyatu
dua (two) pendua
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