- São Paulo underwent rapid industrialization in the late 19th/early 20th centuries, concentrating industries in certain areas and leaving many abandoned industrial sites later on. - These abandoned industrial sites pose environmental and health risks due to potential underground contamination from chemical storage tanks, wastewater, pipelines and more. - Contaminated sites must be categorized and their risks assessed through investigations and modeling to determine if and how remediation should occur before redevelopment. - Proper assessment and management of contaminated land is necessary to redevelop former industrial sites for new uses without negatively impacting communities or the environment.

1. REAL ESTATE
WITHOUT TEARS
Environmental
Ramifications
Eugenio Singer PhD
IBA Seminar
Washington DC
September 20, 2016

2. SÃO PAULO CITY VIEW

3. LAND USE AND CONTAMINATED SITES IN SÃO PAULO

4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• The “Paulista” industrialization process began by the
end of the XIX century;
• It was intensified during the 1950 decade;
• Concentration was in the capital, ABC Metropolitan Area
and in Cubatão (Railways, Port of Santos, Petrochemical
Complex);
• 1980: progressive reduction of industrial activities;
• Great number of abandoned real estate areas;
• State Law Nº 9.999/98: ZUPI (Zonas de Uso
Predominantemente Industrial) waved to residential and
commercial uses.
History of São Paulo Development

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Consequences of the São Paulo Industrialization:
• Large potential of site contamination (underground) and
liabilities at industrial facilities that were abandoned with
propoer closure or moved away from São Paulo
Metropolitan area to other cities (environmental
liabilities), yielding:
• Neighbor Concerns ;
• Imminent Public Health & Environmental Risks ;
• Fire and Explosion Risks;
• Real Estate Devaluation;
• Change in the Land Use Dynamics and Site use.

6. LAND USE CONFLICT : INDUSTRIAL X RESIDENTIAL

7. CONTAMINATED AREAS
Categories of Contaminated Areas according to the Decree 59.263
of 2013:
• Area Potentialy Contaminated
• Area Suspect of Contamination
• Contaminated Area under Investigation
• Contaminated Area with Confirmed Risk
• Critical Contaminated Area
• Contaminated Area under Remediation
• Contaminated Area under Reutilization Process
• Area under Post-Remediation Monitoring Process
• Rehabilitaded Area with Declared Land Use

8. CONTAMINATED AREAS
Contamination Sources:
UST –Underground
Storage Tanks
Accidents with
Chemical Products

9. CONTAMINATED AREAS
Contamination Sources :
Improper Wastewater
Effluent Discharges
Pipelines Structural
Failure

10. CONTAMINATED AREAS
Contamination Sources:
Leachate Infiltration
from Uncontrolled
Landfills
Health Services Wastes
Disposed on
Uncontrolled Areas

11. LAND USE REDEVELOPMENT : LAPA BRÁS CORRIDOR

12. REAL ESTATE RISK ASSESSMENT – VECTORS VISUAL AID

13. HOW TO DEAL WITH CONTAMINATED AREAS?
Source : Maria Cecilia Pires

14. RISK ASSESSMENT
Source : Maria Cecilia Pires

15. RISK ASSESSMENT – MODEL 3
Source : Maria Cecilia Pires

16. CONTAMINATED AREA ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Suspect
Area
Preliminary
Assessment
Confirmatory
Investigation
Risk
Assessment
Conceptual
Site Model
Detailed
Investigation
Mathematical
Modelling
Remediation
Concept
Installation &
Construction
Detailed
Investigation
Operation &
Maintenance
Monitoring
Remediation
Design
Reassessment
Remediated Area for
Declared Land Use
Remediation
Plan

17. CONTAMINATED AREA ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
The Area is Impacted – What to do?
• Remove contaminant sources;
• Assess magnitude and extent of impacts;
• Assess the RISK of such impacts;
• If Risks are not acceptable:
• Remediation + Monitoring
• If RISKS are below permissible limits:
• Monitoring X Natural Attenuation and/or Enhanced
Natural Attenuation

18. RISK ASSESSMENT
Source : Maria Cecilia Pires

19. REAL ESTATE REDEVELOPMENT WITHOUT TEARS!

20. THANK YOU!!!