In a welcome move, the Pharmacy Council of India has recently re-structured the syllabus of the Bachelor of Pharmacy course. In the effort to make the content more relevant to the practice of pharmacy in its current form, we now find new, important subjects introduced, and Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance is one of them.

1. Quality control and documentation
Ahmad Shihada Silmi,Msc, FIBMS
Lecturer of Haematology & Immunology
Faculty of Science, IUG
BY

2. Quality Management
All activities of the overall management
function that:
 Determine quality policy objectives
 Implement them by means such as quality
planning, quality control, quality assurance,
and quality improvement within the system.

3. Quality assurance
 This describes all the steps taken both in and
outside the laboratory to achieve reliable results,
starting with the preparation of the patient and
collection of the specimen and ending with the
correct interpretation of the results.

4. Quality assurance
WHO summarized quality assurance as:
 " the right result at
 right time on
 the right specimen from,
 the right patient with,
 result interpretation based on ,
 with correct reference data and at
 the right price" .

5. QUALITY CONTROL
This describes the steps taken by the
laboratory to insure that tests are performed
correctly.

6. QUALITY CONTROL
Is process for assessing the accuracy and
precision of a test as the following:
 Accuracy : agreement between the best
estimate of quantity and its true value.
 Precision : it is the agreement between
replicate measurements .

7. Objectives of quality
Main objectives
 To help lab staff to establish, manage and
monitor a testing process to assure the
analytical quality of the test results .
 To determine problems and solved it .
 To develop uniform standard of lab.

8. Objectives of quality
 To increase lab staff confidence .
 To increase client confidence.
 Available good database for decisions maker.
 Help health planer to improve the programs.
 Reduce cost.

9. The quality requirements involve:-
 Quality control and proficiency testing
 Internal and external audits
 Personnel and organization
 Premises, equipment and materials
 Documentation
 Blood processing
 Complaints and component recall
 Investigation of errors and accidents

10. Internal Quality Control ( IQC )
 IQC refers to the set of procedures
undertaken by the laboratory staff for the
Continuous and immediate
monitoring of the laboratory work in order to
decide whether the results are reliable
enough to be released

11. What is IQC?
 The regular testing of quality control [QC]
material along with the patient samples
 Comparison of the QC results to specific
statistical limits [ranges]
 Rejection of patient results if QC is outside of
limits
But does this apply to qualitative tests?
If not, Why not?

12. Why do we need
Internal Quality Control?
 Ensure that test results are reliable
 Ensure that test results are reproducible
 Control quality of daily routine work

13. External Quality Control ( EQC )
 Is the objective evaluation by an outside
agency of the performance by a number of
laboratories on material which is supplied
specially for the purpose.
 Is usually organized on a national or regional
basis

14. Why do we need
External Quality Assessment?
 To detect hidden problem
 To receive help and support
 To compare our performance with others and
improve quality

15. Quality
 = Excellence
 = Conformance to specifications
 = Fitness for use
 = Value for the price.
 “Totality of characteristics of an entity
that bear on its ability to satisfy stated
and implied needs
[ ISO 8402,2.1:1994]”

16. QC in Blood Transfusion Service

17. Donors Recipients
Safety Precautions
Recruit – Screen – Bleed test – process – Xmatch transfuse – follow up
Blood Transfusion Service
Blood Bank

18. Quality in blood bank
 A simple definition of quality is 'fitness for a
purpose'. In blood transfusion service, the
primary goal of quality is 'transfusion of safe
unit of blood.'
The quality system deals with all aspects to
ensure that the product or the tested and
'safe unit of blood' is as safe as possible.

19. Objectives of quality in blood bank
 Is to ensure availability of a sufficient supply
of blood, blood components of high quality
with maximum efficacy and minimum risk to
both donors and patients.
 To ensure maximum efficacy and safety of
blood
 To determine problems in the whole
transfusion chain and solved it .

20. Need for Quality
 A failure in the quality of blood collected or screening of
donated blood unit can be very serious and may result in fatal
consequences.
A failure in the quality system can lead to numerous situations
which may be potentially dangerous to the patient, i.e.
1- failure to identify the patient correctly
2- wrong sample labeling
3-mix-up of results amongst different patients
4-failure to detect presence of an abnormality in the patient's
sample.
5- issue of unscreened blood due to faulty laboratory procedures

21. Quality Assurance in blood bank
 In a blood transfusion centre, it means that a
management system should exist to look into
provision of a safe unit of blood and, if any
errors are identified, these should be
corrected

22. QC in Blood Bank Technology
 Donor services and Blood collection
 Blood grouping
 Crossmatch & antibody screening
 Transfusion
 Component preparation
 Storage , issue and transportation

23. QC in Blood Bank
 Positive and negative controls on all tests
 Reverse grouping
 Good documentation, SOPs etc
 Equipment monitoring, calibration,
maintenance

24. Donor selection
 Main purpose is to determine whether the
person in good health, in order to protect the
donor against damage to his/her own health,
and to protect the recipient against
transmission of disease or drugs which could
be detrimental to the patient.

25. Information collection & evaluation
 Consent form
 Donor is registered for permanent
record
 Donor must be checked for possible
self harm or potential harm to recipient(
list of questionnaires).

26. Donor selection
Old age 17-60 year
Hb more than 13.5g% and 12.5g% for female
HCT more than 38%for male and 36% for
female

27. Preparation for collection
 The donation room must be wide with light
enough
 Equipment must be cleaned, calibrated &
checked for performance e.g:
a) blood container should be inspected for any
defect in anticoagulant solution, moisture or
discoloration of the surface of the bag or
leakage,
b) blood bag refrigerator , centrifuge- need to
be checked

28. Blood collection & processing
 Aseptic technique
 Seal closed method
 Immediate storage at 1-6ºC
 Components preparation has to be done
within 6 hours after collection
 Labels/records : ABO and Rh grouping
 Screening, expiratory date and volume of the
blood

29. QC of blood component
preparation
 Whole blood:
 Frequency of control: 1% of all units with
minimum of 4 units per month
 Storage :- 2ºC to 6 ºC, for CPDA-1 the storage
time is 35 days, CPD & CD2D – 22days.

30. QC of blood component preparation
• Volume : 450ml ± 10 % of body volume
excluding anticoagulant
• HCT : 40±5%
• pH > 6.5
• K < 27mmol/L
• Sterility : no growth

31. Red cell concentrates
 Perform the same assay as for Whole blood on the expiry date
 Storage : 2-6º C, for 35 days if prepared from WB collected in
CPDA-1
 QC:
• Volume : 280ml± 50ml, frequency of control 1% of all units
• HCT : 65% -75%
• pH > 6.5
• K < 78 mmol/L
• Hb : minimum 45g/unit
• Sterility : no growth

32. Platelet concentrates:
 Prepared within 6H of blood collection
 Must evaluate at least 4 platelet preparations
monthly for platelet count, pH and plasma volume
 Platelets should be selected from each centrifuge in
use

33. Platelet concentrates
Temp
Speed (RPM)
Time
Program No.
21ºC
2500
8 Min
F.F Plasma
21ºC
3400
8Min
Platelet
4ºC
2500
8min
Cryo

34. Platelet concentrates:
 The Tº at which pH is measured should be
the same as stored
 Label the volume, the actual volume by
measurement must be 10% of the stated
volume
 Storage : 20-24ºC
 Tº should be recorded at least every 4H
during storage.

35. Platelet concentrates: QC
• Volume > 40ml
• pH : 6.8-7.4
• Plt count : at least 5.5 x 1010 /bag
• WBC contamination: < 2 x 103/bag
• RBC contamination: < 2 x 109/bag
• Macroscopic appearance : no visible
platelets aggregates
• Sterility : no growth

36. Fresh Frozen Plasma
 Storage:
• 24 months at below –70ºC
• 12 months at –25 to –30ºC
• 3 months at –18 to –25ºC
 Thawed at Tº between 30-37ºC and
transfused within 24H after thawing

37. Fresh Frozen Plasma
 Macroscopic : no abnormal color or visible
clots
 Residual cell:
 Red cell: < 6.0 x 109/l
 Leukocyte: < 0.1 x 109/l
 Platelets : < 50 x 109/l

38. Fresh Frozen Plasma
 Volume: 220-250ml
 Factor VIII : > 0.7IU/ml- every 2 months
 No leakage after pressure in plasma extractor,
before freezing and after thawing

39. Cryoprecipitate

Assayed on at least 4 bags/ month –for factor VIII
 Storage:
 24 months at below –70ºC
 12 months at –25 to –30ºC
 3 months at –18 to –25ºC
 Must be thawed at 37ºC and used within 6H

40. Cryoprecipitate
 Volume : 10-20 ml
 Factor VIII : > 70 IU/unit
 Fibrinogen : > 140 mg per unit
 Macroscopic : homogenous
 Sterility: no growth

41. QC of Blood storage and
Transportation
Storage :- 2ºC to 6 ºC, for CPDA-1 the
storage time is 35 days, CPD & CD2D –
22days.
 A system must be use to ensure that all
blood and blood components shipped by or
received into a blood bank or blood
transfusion service have been maintained
within T required.

42. QC of Blood storage and
Transportation
 All liquid RBC components kept at T of 1-10ºC
during transport
 All component routinely stored at 20-24ºC
should be maintain T during shipment

43. Transportation
 All frozen components should be transport in
frozen state at –18ºC or colder
 Periodic T check and documented to ensure
the transportation adequate to meet the
criteria

44. QC IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY
Principle:
 The four main blood group A,B,O and AB are
determined by forward grouping " cell typing"
to detect presence or absence of A and B
Antigens on red blood cells with Anti A and
Anti B " Antisera"
 Rh positive or Rh negative red blood cells
are classified by presence or absence of D
Antigen which can be detected by Anti D.

45. QC IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY
 Blood sample for ABO grouping
1. Type of specimen is whole blood ,
collected in EDTA tube , 2ml of volume .
 We reject the clotting sample , Inadequate
identification of specimen. Samples should
be stored at 4°C and preferably be tested
within 48 hours.

46. QC IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY
 5. Cells from the test sample should be
washed in 0.9% normal saline and a 2-5%
cell suspension should be prepared

47. QC IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY
1. ABO grouping tests should be done at room temperature
2. Antisera used in the ABO grouping must be used as per the
manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Before use all the reagents must be checked grossly to rule out
any turbidity or contamination.
4. Tubes, slides, tiles, microplates or gel cards should be labelled
properly.

48. QC IN BLOOD GROUP SEROLOGY
6. The glassware used should be dry and clean.
7. Results should be recorded immediately after
observation.
8. Concave mirror (agglutination viewer) or microscope
may be used to examine reactions that appear
negative by the naked eye.

49. QC IN TRANSFUSION PRACTICE
 Safety measure :-
– Transfusion transmitted diseases
– Donor compatibility
 Comparing the identity information received from pt with
data on the lab certificate of compatibility testing
 Checking the certificate of the pt’s blood group against
the blood group denoted on the blood unit label
 Checking the expiry date
 Recording the identity of the pt
– Sterility

50. Cont…
 Clinical surveillance
– Careful observation of the pt during early stage of
transfusion is mandatory to observe any transfusion
reaction
– Transfused blood components on recommended time to
avoid compromising clinical effectiveness and safety.
 Warming of blood
– Warming device used must be controlled and monitored to
ensure the correct Tº achieved

51. Cont…
 Addition of medical products or infusion
solutions to components
– No medical products added to prevent the risk of damage to
blood components
 Handling of frozen units
– Handle with great care, no leak and transfused as soon as
possible after thawing.
 The risk of air embolism
– It is possible under circumstances if the operator isn’t
careful and skillful.

52. QC of ID-Card Compatibility Test
Procedure:
 Prepare red cell suspension of sensitized and
non-sensitized cells as follows:
 Allow diluents to reach room temperature before
use
 Dispense 1.0 ml of ID-Diluent's 2 into a clean
tube.
 Add 10µI of packed cells, mix gently .
 Prepare the ID-Card by labeling positive and
negative on one side and the user and date on
the other side.

53. QC of ID-Card Compatibility Test
 Pipette 50µI of red cell suspensions to the
appropriate micro tubes.
 Incubate the ID-Card for 10 minutes 37º C in
the ID-Incubator.
 Centrifuge the ID-Card for 10 minutes in the
ID-Centrifuge. warning don't use the open
ID-Card

54. QC of ID-Card Compatibility Test
 Read and record the results in Q.C. register.
 Assess results obtained.
Interpretation:
If sensitized cells give positive reaction and -
nonsensitized cells give negative reaction its
mean that the test is reliable

55. Quality Control of Equipments
 Equipment requirements :-
 All the equipment in blood transfusion
laboratory should meet mandatory
specifications.
 A written record of periodic function checks
and maintenance on each piece of
equipment should be mandatory.
 A preventive maintenance should be planned
for trouble free operation.

56. Quality Control of Equipments
 Uninterrupted power supply should be
maintained for all the equipment with efficient
back-up system.
 Annual maintenance contract with
manufacturers and suppliers should be
obtained.
 Guidelines for quality control of equipment in
blood transfusion service

57. QC FOR EQUIPMENT

59. Quality control for reagents
 The primary objective of a reagent quality
control is to ensure that reagent is
functioning as expected.

60. Quality control for reagents
 Reagent requirements
 All reagents should be clearly labeled with
batch number, expiry date and storage temp;
instructions for use should be enclosed with
each reagent packing.
 All reagents & kit should be used according
to the manufacturer’s instructions.

61. Quality control for reagents
 Use of positive & negative controls should be done
with each batch to show that reagents are potent
and specific.
 All reagents must be carefully stored at
recommended temp.
 Reagents to be kept at 4-6oC should never be
frozen and are stored according to manufacturer’s
instructions only
 All reagents must be of high quality and have a
shelf-life of at least one year.

62. Quality control for reagents
 Supply, storage and transportation of kits and
reagents should be strictly standardized &
manufacturer’s instructions should be
followed with ensured continuous power
supply and periodic temperature monitoring.

63. Quality control for reagents
 All the reconstituted reagents should be
stored and reused according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
 If a reagent produces results outside the
limits set by the manufacturer, the deficiency
should be reported to the manufacturer.

64. Quality control for reagents
 Reagent records should include:
– The name of each reagent with lot number, batch
number, expiry date and name of manufacturer
– Grade and strength of reactions.

65. Quality control of technique
 Provided the quality of equipment and
reagents fulfill the requirement, false result
are due to technique itself, either inadequate
method or operational errors(inaccurate
performance or incorrect interpretation)

66. DOCUMENTATION
If you have not documented
it,You have NOT done it.

67. Documentation
 Blood transfusion service should develop
and maintain documents that demonstrate
the achievement of specified quality
standards.

68. Documentation
 Documentation provides the ability to trace
prospectively and retrospectively all steps in
all procedures, dating from collection of the
blood to monitoring techniques, component
preparation, laboratory testing, issue and
transfusion of blood.

69. Documentation
An effective record system helps to
 judge the performance of the blood
transfusion service
 Traces any donated unit of blood from its
source to the final fate
 Helps in legal or investigational purposes.

70. Documentation
 Record and documents also help to identify possible
sources of error in any technique.
 All records must include the date and signature of
the laboratory staff performing the test.
 Records should be retained for at least 5 years and
kept confidential.

71. Con…
Various aspects which need proper
documentation are :
Donor records including details of donor
information, rare donor panels, and adverse
donor reactions.

72. Documentation
 Record of results and interpretation of all
laboratory tests.
 Patient’s record (for all patients and
specifically important in patients with
multiple transfusions, previous transfusion
reactions, presence of unexpected
antibodies or cross-match problems).
 Record of component preparation.

73. Documentation
 Inventory of blood, blood components, reagents and
consumables, etc.
 Record of compatibility testing.
 Record of discarded blood units.
 Record of issue of blood.
 Quality control record (which helps in taking
corrective actions to improve the performance of any
procedure or working of any equipment and
reagents).

74. Documentation
 Computers are being widely employed in
maintaining the records. With the growing
demand for improving the efficiency,
accuracy and effectiveness it has become
imperative to introduce computers in the
blood transfusion service.
Computers can help the functions of a blood
transfusion service in:

75. Documentation
 Donor identification / registration
 Donor blood collection
 Processing of blood
 Maintenance of records of laboratory testing
 Inventory management
 Issue & labeling of blood

76. Sop Standard operating procedures
Standard operating procedures (Sop)
Definition: A set of instructions on laboratory
organization and laboratory procedures with
advice of laboratory staff

77. Standard operating procedures (Sop)
What should the laboratory manual contain?
 Test name.
 Principle of test.
 Specimens required and if any special preparation is
needed

78. Standard operating procedures (Sop)
Reference material
• Equipment.
• Method (step by step, and its limitation).
• Reagents
• Standards.
* Controls.

79. Standard operating procedures (Sop)
.Sources of errors and how to minimize or eliminate
them.
. Calculations.
. Quality control measures.

80. Standard operating procedures (Sop)
 Elements of organization of blood banks
 Staff needed in a blood bank
 Blood donation
 Laboratory procedure followed in blood group serology
 Screening procedure practised for transfusion transmittable
diseases.
 Preparations of and storage conditions of blood components
 Maintenance of cold chain and mechanical equipments and
other monitoring methods of their performance
 Requirements and proper maintenance of records

81. ‫بالدم‬ ‫بالتبرع‬ ‫لهم‬ ‫يسمح‬ ‫أشخاص‬
:

‫ازر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يرقان‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫مالحظة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫بصحة‬ ‫المتبرع‬ ‫يتمتع‬ ‫أن‬
‫قاق‬
‫تنفس‬ ‫ضيق‬ ،‫الجسم‬ ‫أطراف‬ ‫في‬
.

‫مابين‬ ‫العمر‬
18 – 60
‫سنة‬
.

‫وث‬ ‫للذكور‬ ‫شهرين‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫تبرعات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬
‫الث‬
‫لإلناث‬ ‫شهور‬
.

‫مابين‬ ‫النبض‬
50
-
90
‫ع‬ ‫يزيد‬ ‫ال‬ ‫االنقباضي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وضغط‬ ‫بالدقيقة‬
‫ن‬
160
‫عن‬ ‫واالرتخائي‬
100
‫زئبق‬ ‫مم‬
.

‫نسبة‬
HB
‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬
12.5g
‫و‬ ‫لإلناث‬
14.5
‫للذكور‬
.

‫نسبة‬
HCT
‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬
38%
‫و‬ ‫للرجال‬
36%
‫للسيدات‬
.

82. ‫بالدم‬ ‫بالتبرع‬ ‫لهم‬ ‫يسمح‬ ‫أشخاص‬

‫االس‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫من‬ ‫أو‬ ‫خفيفة‬ ‫تنفسية‬ ‫أزمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬
‫تنشاق‬
‫للتب‬ ‫توجهه‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫أعراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعاني‬ ‫وال‬ ‫المضادة‬ ‫بالبخاخات‬
‫رع‬
‫بالدم‬ ‫للتبرع‬ ‫ويقبل‬ ‫منه‬ ‫دم‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫بالدم‬
.

‫الثالسيميا‬ ‫كروموزوم‬ ‫حامل‬ ‫يستطيع‬
(
B- Thalasemia
)
‫نسب‬ ‫وتكون‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫بصحة‬ ‫يتمتعون‬ ‫هم‬ ‫طالما‬ ‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬
‫ة‬
‫بال‬ ‫للتبرع‬ ‫المقبولة‬ ‫الحدود‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫دمهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الهيموجلوبين‬
‫دم‬
.

‫عن‬ ‫يقل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الوزن‬
50 kg
، ‫للرجال‬
45kg
‫للسيدات‬
.

83. ‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫استبعادهم‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫أشخاص‬

‫أس‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫والحميات‬ ‫معدية‬ ‫بأمراض‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫استبعاد‬
‫بوعين‬
‫أسبوع‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫االكتفاء‬ ‫فيمكن‬ ‫الرشح‬ ‫أما‬ ‫األعراض‬ ‫اختفاء‬ ‫من‬
.

‫المالطية‬ ‫الحمى‬ ‫مرضى‬
(
Brucellosis
)
‫لمدة‬ ‫استبعاد‬ ‫السل‬ ‫وداء‬
‫التام‬ ‫الشفاء‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫سنتين‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬
.

‫يمنع‬ ‫الوريدي‬ ‫السحب‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫جلدي‬ ‫التهاب‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬
ً‫ا‬‫تمام‬ ‫منهم‬ ‫السحب‬
.

‫بش‬ ‫استبعادهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫باألنسولين‬ ‫يعالجون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫السكري‬ ‫مرضى‬
‫دائم‬ ‫كل‬
‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫عن‬
.

‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫استبعادهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الصرع‬ ‫مرضى‬
.

84. ‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫استبعادهم‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫أشخاص‬

‫القلب‬ ‫نبضات‬ ‫وتسارع‬ ‫الصدر‬ ‫وخناق‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫والدورة‬ ‫القلب‬ ‫مرضى‬
.

‫بش‬ ‫خبيثة‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أورام‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫استبعاد‬
‫كل‬
‫بالدم‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫من‬ ‫دائم‬
.

‫والحالب‬ ‫الكلى‬ ‫والتهاب‬ ‫الكلى‬ ‫مرضى‬ ‫استبعاد‬
.

‫الرضاعة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫انتهاء‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫المرضعة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الحامل‬ ‫استبعاد‬
.

85. ‫بالمتـطوع‬ ‫العنــاية‬

‫باأل‬ ‫ليشعر‬ ‫به‬ ‫والترحيب‬ ‫ولباقة‬ ‫احترام‬ ‫بكل‬ ‫المتبرع‬ ‫استقبال‬
‫مان‬
‫انطب‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫يترك‬ ‫معه‬ ‫الئق‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫خاطئ‬ ‫تصرف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫الن‬ ،‫واالطمئنان‬
ً‫ا‬‫اع‬
‫يتش‬ ‫ال‬ ‫وقد‬ ‫سلبي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫ويؤثر‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫مركز‬ ‫عن‬ ً‫ا‬‫سيئ‬
‫إلى‬ ‫للعودة‬ ‫جع‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫مرة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫مركز‬
.

‫وال‬ ‫والفحص‬ ‫لالستجواب‬ ‫المخصصة‬ ‫الغرفة‬ ‫وهدوء‬ ‫بنظافة‬ ‫االهتمام‬
‫غرفة‬
‫الدم‬ ‫قطف‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬
.

‫باالس‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الفني‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المتبادلة‬ ‫الثقة‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االنتباه‬
‫تجواب‬
‫المتطوع‬ ‫وبين‬ ‫والفحص‬
.

‫ا‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يدلي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫سرية‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحافظة‬ ‫أهمية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االنتباه‬
‫لمتطوع‬
‫االستجواب‬ ‫أثناء‬
.


86. ‫بالمتـطوع‬ ‫العنــاية‬

‫االن‬ ‫وبعد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫قطف‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫وخالل‬ ‫الوريد‬ ‫وخز‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫بالمتبرع‬ ‫االعتناء‬
‫من‬ ‫تهاء‬
‫ا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المساعدة‬ ‫وتقديم‬ ‫والمالئم‬ ‫المريح‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫بتأمين‬ ‫وذلك‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫عملية‬
‫لمعالجة‬
‫بعدها‬ ‫أو‬ ‫القطف‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫جانبية‬ ‫عوارض‬ ‫أية‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫حال‬ ‫في‬ ‫المناسبة‬
،
‫بعد‬ ‫الراحة‬ ‫من‬ ‫قسط‬ ‫أخذ‬ ‫من‬ ‫المتبرع‬ ‫ليتمكن‬ ‫المالئمة‬ ‫الشروط‬ ‫وتوفير‬
‫انتهاء‬
‫ت‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫للمتبرع‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الروتينية‬ ‫التعليمات‬ ‫وتقديم‬ ‫القطف‬
‫مقرونة‬ ‫برع‬
‫الشكر‬ ‫بعبارات‬
.

‫وذ‬ ‫والسجالت‬ ‫البطاقات‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫منظم‬ ‫أرشيف‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫ضرورة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التأكيد‬
‫لك‬
‫وإلمكانية‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫في‬ ‫ثانية‬ ‫ليعود‬ ‫بالمتبرع‬ ‫االتصال‬ ‫إلمكانية‬
‫جميع‬ ‫دراسة‬
‫طبية‬ ‫متابعة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تحتاج‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحاالت‬
.

‫تست‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المتطوعين‬ ‫لحاالت‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫المتابعة‬ ‫ضرورة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التأكيد‬
‫إجراء‬ ‫دعي‬
‫مراك‬ ‫اهتمام‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫تعكس‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫الن‬ ‫الشعاعية‬ ‫المخبرية‬ ‫الفحوص‬ ‫من‬ ‫المزيد‬
‫نقل‬ ‫ز‬
‫العو‬ ‫من‬ ‫الظاهرة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫للمتطوعين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫بالحالة‬ ‫الدم‬
‫الهامة‬ ‫امل‬
‫الطوعي‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫على‬ ‫المشجعة‬
.

87. ‫بالمتـطوع‬ ‫العنــاية‬

‫الحقيقي‬ ‫الحمراء‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫فرط‬ ‫مرضى‬
(
Poylycythemia Vira
)
‫وال‬ ‫كعالج‬ ‫السحب‬ ‫يكون‬
‫الوحدة‬ ‫نستفيد‬
.

‫اشهر‬ ‫ستة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫استبعادهم‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫جراحية‬ ‫لعمليات‬ ‫خضعوا‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬
.

‫جدوى‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫من‬ ‫للخطر‬ ‫صحته‬ ‫تعرض‬ ‫ألنها‬ ‫المتطوع‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫التغذية‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫حالة‬
‫وحدة‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫جهة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المقطوفة‬ ‫الدم‬
.

‫المتطوع‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫الوبائية‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫وجود‬
:
-

‫وتضم‬ ‫مرتفع‬ ‫بخطر‬ ‫المحفوفة‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫السلوكيات‬
:
-

ً‫ا‬‫حقن‬ ‫العقاقير‬ ‫تناول‬
.

‫الجنسيين‬ ‫القرناء‬ ‫تعدد‬
.

‫اإليدز‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بالعدوى‬ ‫مصابين‬ ‫بأنهم‬ ‫معروفين‬ ‫جنسيين‬ ‫قرناء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جنسي‬ ‫قرين‬ ‫وجود‬
.

‫ترت‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫قادمين‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وبائية‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫لديهم‬ ‫بأن‬ ‫معروفين‬ ‫قرناء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جنسي‬ ‫قرين‬ ‫وجود‬
‫فيها‬ ‫فع‬
‫بفيروس‬ ‫العدوى‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫معدالت‬
HIV
.

‫اللواط‬ ‫يمارسون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫الذكور‬
.

‫تقرحي‬ ‫تناسلي‬ ‫بمرض‬ ‫اإلصابة‬
.