This document provides an overview of enzymes, including: - Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions and are not consumed during the reactions. They act on substrates to produce products. - Catalysis is the process by which catalysts like enzymes speed up chemical reactions without being used up in the reactions. - The history of enzyme discovery includes the first isolation of an enzyme, urease, in pure crystalline form in 1926 and the coining of the term "enzyme" in 1877.

2. # Content.
• Introduction
• History
• Nomenclature of Enzyme
• Nature of enzyme
• Classification of Enzyme
• Mechanism and function of enzyme
• Factors affecting Enzyme

3. What is Enzyme?
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating
chemical reactions.but consume in reaction After reaction it will
seperate
• Enzyme means En- In
zyme- Yeasts
• The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called Substrate ( A
surface in which an enzyme is attached.
• And the enzyme convert the substrate into different molecules
known as Product.

4. What is catalysis?
• Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
by adding a substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not
consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it.
• Catalyst A substance that makes a chemical reaction happen faster.
catalysts first observed by Jacob Berzelius in 1833-34.
• Biocatalyst A catalysts which is presence in living organisms

5. History.
• Hormone discovered by A German biochemist
Edward Bichaner in 1933.
• Discovery of Enzyme is Serendipity ( an
aptitude for making desirable discoveries by
accident).
• The Term Enzyme first Coined by Friedrich
Wilhelm Kuhne in 1877.
• Sumner isolated first enzyme (Urease) in 1926
pure crystalline form in Jack beans.
• In 1833, Diastase (a mixture of amylases) was
the first enzyme to be discovered.

6. Nomenclature.
• Various systems have involved Name the enzyme. Some are-

8. C) Depending upon source
Eg. Enzyme found in Mango called mangoase.
D) Standard Naming- given by IUBMB (INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,1955)
• Ac. To IUBMB or IUB every enzyme should be given an EC ( enzyme
commission) Number in Four digit .
Eg. 3.2.1.1 ( EC number of Amylase )
i) First digit indicate - Class of Enzyme
. ii) second digit indicate – Sub-class of enzyme
iii) Third digit indicate – sub division or sub sub class of enzyme
. Iv) Fourth digita indicate – reaction catalysed

10. Nature of Enzyme.
• Most of the enzyme are protein
Eg. Pepsin, Trypsin
• Except two enzyme ( Which is not protein)
RIbonuclease- P and Ribozyme
• Both are made of RNA and found in archaea,
bacteria and eukarya as well as chloroplasts
and mitochondria.

11. Classification of Enzyme.
- Basically enzymes are two types.
1. Simple Enzyme – made up of proteins only
. Eg. Trypsin and pepsin
2. Conjugated Enzyme – It is made of protein and non- protein.
conjugated Enzyme= Protein+ non protein
. ( Holozyme= Apozyme+ Co-factor)
-This co- factor can be of two types
I) Organic.
-This organic part can also be of two type
i) Coenzyme. Ii) Prosthetic group
II) Inorganic.
- it could be metalic or non metalic
Eg. Cl- for Activate to salivary amylase
Zn²+ for karboxypeptise

21. Factors affecting Enzyme
• Temp
• PH
• Concentration