In this slide, a basic concept of cement, its type, and different usage is mentioned.

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Cement
Name: Muhammad Fazeel
Aijaz
Roll No: 21-ME-CM-13

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Introduction:-
• A cement is a binder, a substance used for
construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to
other materials to bind them together.
• Cement mixed with fine aggregate
produces mortar for masonry, or
with sand and gravel, produces concrete.
Concrete is the most widely used material in
existence and is behind only water as the planet's
most-consumed resource

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1. Ordinary Portland Cement.
2. Low Heat Cement.
3. Rapid Hardening Cement.
4. Sulphate Resistant Cement.
5. White and Coloured Cement.
Types Of Cement:-

4. z 1. Ordinary Portland Cement ( OPC ):-
• Cement can be defined as the bonding material having cohesive & adhesive
properties which makes it capable to unite the different construction materials and
form the compacted assembly.
• Ordinary/Normal Portland cement is one of the most widely used type of Portland
Cement.
• The name Portland cement was given by Joseph Aspdin in 1824 due to its
similarity in color and its quality when it hardens like Portland stone.
• Portland stone is white grey limestone in island of Portland, Dorset.
 Initial set: When the paste begins to stiffen noticeably (typically occurs within
30-45 minutes)
 Final set: When the cement hardens, being able to sustain some load (occurs
below 10 hours)

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Composition Of OPC:-

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Uses Of OPC:-
• It is used for general construction purposes where special properties are
not required.
• It is used for the reinforced concrete buildings, bridges, pavements, and
where soil conditions are normal.
• It is used for most of concrete masonry units and for all uses where the
concrete is not subject to special sulfate hazard or where the heat
generated by the hydration of cement is not objectionable.
• It has great resistance to cracking and shrinkage but has less resistance
to chemical attacks.

7. z 2. Low Heat Cement:-
• Low Heat Cement is specially blended to provide a lower heat of hydration in
concrete. This unique attribute makes it ideal for mass concrete pours where the rate
of temperature rise and the maximum temperature achieved must be controlled in
order to reduce the risk of thermal cracking.
 Composition:-
• This cement contains low percentage (5%) of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and
higher percentage (46%) of dicalcium silicate (C2S).
 Useage:-
• To make the road and workroom surface of factories such as chemical plants and
sulphuric acid factories.
• Majorly used in constructing dams large footings, large raft slabs, wind turbine
plinths

8. z 3. Rapid Hardening Cement:-
• Rapid Hardening Portland Cement (RHPC) is a special purpose cement used in concrete
to achieve a higher rate of early strength development, compared to using
Normal Cement. The improved early performance of RHPC is achieved principally
through increased product fineness.
 Rapid Hardening Cement contains the following ingredient proportions.
• 60% Tricalcium silicate (C3S),
• 15% Dicalcium silicate (C2S),
• 10% Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and
• 8% Tetra-calcium alumino-ferrite of the total weight of cement.
 OPC contains 50% C3S of its total weight. So it is observed that Rapid Hardening
Cement composition contains a higher percentage of C3S than OPC.

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 Properties:-
• Initial Setting Time: 30 minutes
• Final Setting Time: 600 minutes
• The specific surface is greater than 3250 cm2/gm.
• RHC is lighter than OPC.
• The curing period for RHC is less.
 Uses:-
• It is used where formwork has to be removed as early as possible in order to reuse it.
• It is used where high early strength is required.
• It is generally used for constructing road pavements, where it is important to open the
road to traffic quickly.

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4. Sulphate Resistant Cement:-
• Sulphate Resisting Cement is a type of Portland Cement in which the amount of
tricalcium aluminate (C3A) is restricted to lower than 5% and (2C 3A +C4AF) lower than
25%, which reduces the formation of sulphate salts. The reduction of sulphate salts
lowers the possibility of sulphate attack on the concrete.
• Initial Setting time is 80 min.
• Final Setting time is 240 min.
• This cement provides maximum resistance to chloride ions - minimising the risk of
corrosion of reinforced steel.
• It also has increased workability and pumpability.
• This cement has significantly improved later-age concrete strengths.

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 Uses:-
1. Foundations.
2. Piling works.
3. Construction in contact with soils or ground water having more than 0.2% or 0.3 % g/l sulphate salts
respectively.
4. Concrete surfaces subjected to alternate wetting and drying such as bridge piers, concrete surface in
tidal zone, apron etc.
5. Effluent treatment plans.
6. Chimney, cooling towers.
7. Coastal protective works such as sea walls, break waters, tetra-pods etc.
8. Building near seacoast.
9. Chemical industries, water storage, sumps, drainage works.
10. Suitable for underground works where Sulphate is present in the Soil and water.

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White and Coloured Cement:-
• White cement is same as that of grey Portland cement but the
only differ is in the colour and fineness. This colour of this
cement is determined by its raw materials and the process of
manufacture.
• Following raw material are used to make white cement.
1.Lime Stone -High Carbonate & Low Iron.
2.Clay - High Alumina and Low Iron
3.Oil / Pet Coke / Rubber
4.Gypsum / Salenile.

13. z Uses:-
1. Used for prestige construction projects and decorative works.
2. Used for coloured concrete with the use of inorganic pigments to produce brightly
coloured concretes and mortars.
3. Due to its whiteness, it finds its application in architectural beauty, interior and
exterior decorations, floorings, ornamental concrete products such as idols while
grey cement is mostly used for construction purposes.
4. Used in roads due the property of high reflectiveness to add visibility to highway
medians.