AS PER ANNA UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS - CTEP

1. CEMENTCEMENT
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BY
K.R.SHANKAR M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
EBET GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
TRIPPUR DISTRICT
TAMUL NADU, INDIA – 638108
Email ID – krs.civil@ebet.edu.in

2. WHAT IS CEMENT????
 Material with adhesive and cohesive
properties
 Any material that binds or unites -
essentially like glue
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3. FUNCTION OF CEMENT
 To bind the sand and coarse aggregate
together to fill voids in between sand and coarse
aggregate particle to form a compact mass
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4. Oxide Common Name Approx. Amount (%)
CaO Lime 60-67
SiO2 Silica 17-25
Al2O3 Alumina 3-8
Fe2O3 Iron-oxide 0.5-6
MgO Magnesia 0.1-4
Na2O Soda
0.2-1.3
K2O Potassium
SO3 Sulfuric Anhydride 1-3
CONSTITUENTS OF CEMENT
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5. FUNCTIONS OF INGREDIENTS
Lime
 Lime is the important ingredient of cement and its proportion is to be
maintained carefully.
 Lime in excess makes the cement unsound and causes the cement to expand
and disintegrate.
 On the other hand, if lime is in deficiency the strength of the cement is
decreased and it causes cement to set quickly
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6. Silica: This also an important ingredient of cement and it
gives or imparts quick setting property to imparts strength to
cement.
Alumina: This ingredient imparts quick setting properly to
cement. Excess alumina weakens the cement.
Calcium Sulphate: This ingredient is in the form of gypsum
and its function is to increase the initial setting time of
cement.
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7. Magnesia: The small amount of this ingredient imparts hardness and
colour to cement. Excess Magnesia affects soundness of the cement.
Sulphur: A very small amount of sulphur is useful in making sound
cement. If it is in excess, it causes the cement to become unsound.
Alkalies: Most of the alkalies present in raw material are carried away
by the flue gases during heating and only small quantity will be left. If
they are in excess in cement, efflorescence is caused.
Iron Oxides: Provides color, hardness and strength. It also assits in
fusion of raw materials in manufacturing of cement.
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8.  Best binding material
 High plastic properties
 High strength
 Hardens in short time
 High resistance to water and other atmospheric effects
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
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9. QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF CEMENT
 Homogeneous and uniform in colour
 Free from lumps and should sink in water in small
quantity is placed on surface of water
 Ratio of percentage of alumina to that of iron oxide
should not be less than 0.66
 Weight of magnesia not exceeds 5%
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10. Total sulphur content not exceeds 2.75%
 Specific surface should minimum 2250 mm2
/gm
Expansion of cement should not exceeds 10 mm
Initial setting time should not be less than 30 mints.
 Final setting time should be around 10 hours
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GRADE OF CEMENT:
The commonly used Portland Cement in India are as follows
1. 33 Grade (IS 269:1989)
2. 43 Grade (IS 8112:1989)
3. 53 Grade (IS 12269:1987)
The Grade is nothing but its 28 days mean compressive
strength of mortar cube. For
1. 33 Grade it must be exceeding 33 N/mm2
2. 43 Grade it must be exceeding 43 N/mm2
3. 53 Grade it must be exceeding 53 N/mm2

12. TYPES OF CEMENT
 Rapid Hardening Cement
 Quick setting cement
 Low Heat Cement
 Sulphates resisting cement
 Blast Furnace Slag Cement
 High Alumina Cement
 White Cement
 Coloured cement
 Pozzolanic Cement
 Air Entraining Cement
 Hydrographic cement
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13. Types of
Cement
Purpose
Rapid
Hardening
Cement
Attains high strength in early days it is used in concrete
where form work are removed at an early stage.
Quick setting
cement
Used in works is to be completed in very short period and
concreting in static and running water
Low Heat
Cement
It is used in massive concrete construction like gravity
dams
Sulphates
resisting
Cement
It is used in construction exposed to severe sulphate action
by water and soil in places like canals linings, culverts,
retaining walls, siphons etc.,
Blast Furnace
Slag Cement
It can used for works economic considerations is
predominant.
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14. High Alumina
Cement
It is used in works where concrete is subjected to high
temperatures, frost, and acidic action.
White Cement
It is more costly and is used for architectural purposes
such as pre-cast curtain wall and facing panels, terrazzo
surface etc.,
Coloured
cement
They are widely used for decorative works in floors
Pozzolanic
Cement
It is used in marine structures, sewage works, sewage
works and for laying concrete under water such as
bridges, piers, dams etc.,
Air Entraining
Cement
This type of cement is specially suited to improve the
workability with smaller water cement ratio and to
improve frost resistance of concrete.
Hydrographic
cement
This cement has high workability and strength
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15. 15
Masonry
Cement
They are widely used for masonry work
Oil-well
Cement
It is used in high pressure and temperature in sealing
water and gas pockets and setting cause during the
drilling and repair of oil well
Expanding
Cement
This type of cement is used in repairing concrete surface
Acid Resisting
Cement
It is used in chemical industry