A non- renewable natural resource

1. MINERAL RESOURCES
Presented by
Elza Baby
1st Year B.Pharm.

2. CONTENTS
• Significance
• National Mineral Policy
• Uses
• Principle minerals
• Environmental problem created by
extraction and mining

3. MINERAL RESOURCES
Minerals are naturally occurring , inorganic , crystalline , solids having a definite
chemical composition and characteristic physical properties.

4.  An ore is a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful
substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and used to manufacture a
useful product.
ORE

5. Significance
 Economic development
 Minerals of vast economic importance - Mica, copper, lead, zinc
 Atomic energy minerals - Thorium, Uranium
Position of minerals in India
Rich in – coal, bauxite, barytes, iron, mica, gypsum, chromite, dolomite,
limestone
Deficient in – asbestos, phosphates, lead, tungsten, tin, platinum, gold,
diamonds

6. Need for an appropriate policy
Because mineral resources are;
 Finite and non-renewable
 Constitute raw materials for many basic industries
 Major resources of nations development

7. Emphasize certain new aspects and elements as under:
 Mineral exploration in seabed
 Development of proper inventory
 Proper linkage between exploitation of minerals and development of
mineral industry
 Preference to members of the scheduled tribes
 Protection of environment from adverse effects of mining
 Adoption of proper mining method
 Optimum utilization of minerals
National Mineral Policy

8. Uses Of Minerals
 Development of industrial plants and machinery.
 Generation of energy (Eg: coal, lignite, uranium)
 Construction, housing, settlements
 Defense equipments, weapons, armaments.
 Transportation means
 Communication- telephone wires, cables, electronic devices.
 Medicinal system- particularly in Ayurvedic system.

9.  Formation of alloys for various purposes ( Eg. Phosphorite )
 Agriculture – as fertilizers, seed dressings, and fungicides
( Eg. Zineb- containing zinc, Maneb - containing manganese etc.)
 Jewellery (Eg. Gold, silver, platinum, diamond)

10. MINERAL RESOURCES
MINERAL ESTIMATED
RESERVE
MAJOR RESOURSES MAJOR USES
BAUXITE 283.3 Cr
tonnes
Andhra Pradesh, Bihar , Goa, Gujarat, Jammu &
Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh
Used in cement,
chemicals, face makeup,
soda cans, dishwashers,
and other aluminum
products
BARYTES 7.1 Cr tonnes Mangampet Taluka in Cuddapah District, Andhra
Pradesh. Others – Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,
Himachal Pradesh, Bihar , West Bengal,
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh
Used as weighting agent in
drilling muds , as pigment
in paints.
It is the primary ore of
Barium.

11. Coal and
Lignite
Coal- 17,046 Cr
tonnes
Lignite- 438.8 Cr
tonnes
Coal- Gondwana formations in West Bengal,
Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh
and Maharashtra. Tertiary formations in Assam,
Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Jammu and
Kashmir and Nagaland.
Lignite- Neyyeli in Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir.
Used as fuel. Create
electricity, manufacture
cement, steel, other
industrial products
Chromite 5.4 Cr tonnes Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Manipur, Orissa and Tamil Nadu.
For making high strength
steel alloys in
textile/tanning industries
Copper 63.2Cr tonnes Singhbhum district (Bihar),Balaghat district
(Madhya Pradesh), and Jhunjhunu and Alwar
district (Rajasthan) , Khammam district (Andhra
Pradesh)
Electric and electronic
goods, building,
constructions, vessels

12. Diamond 10.8 carats Panna belt in Madhya Pradesh, Ramallakota and
Bangampalle Chitradung rocks in Kurnool District and
gravels of krishnan River Basin in Andhra Pradesh
Used in jewelry, as an
abrasive or in polishing or
cutting tools.
Dolomite 46.08 lakh tonnes Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
West Bengal
Used in construction
industry, source of magnesia
Gold 5Cr tonnes with
gold content 104.17
tonnes
Kolar field in Kolar District and Hutti Gold Field in
Raichur District (Karnataka) and Ramagiri Gold Field
in Anantapur district
Ornaments, medical use,
electronic use,in aerospace

13. Gypsum 120Cr tonnes Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat
Used in manufacture of
plaster of Paris, Wallboard,
cement, soil conditioning
Graphite 46.5lakh tonnes Kerala, Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh
Used in lead pencils, as a
dry lubricant in machine
parts, to make electrodes
Iron ore
(Hematite
and
Magnetite)
1197.7 Cr tonnes Hematite- Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka
Magnetite- West coast primarily in Karnataka. Also
in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Used in production of iron,
manufacturing of steel

14. Kaolin 87.2Cr tonnes Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Kerala,
Haryana, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh.
To control diarrhea.
Topically used as an
emollient and drying agent
Lead- Zinc 38.3 Cr tonnes Rajasthan, Meghalaya, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar
Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Sikkim
Leaded gasoline, car
batteries, paints
Limestone 6935.4Cr
tonnes
Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan
Used for concrete, building
stone, in agriculture for
neutralizing acid soils, used
in cement Industry

15.  The United States of America, Canada, South Africa and Australia are
having the major world reserves of most of the metallic minerals.
 Due to huge mineral and energy resources, the USA became the richest
and the most powerful nation in the world in even less than 200 years.

16. Environment Problem Created by Extraction and
Mining
Aim of sustainable development- ensure mineral use is kept in a
minimum amount without having a negative impact on economic
growth.
The environment side effects :
1. Within and around the area covered by dam and reservoir.
2. Underground effects caused by emptying of area.
3. Regional effects.

17.  Geological Survey of India – GSI
 Indian Bureau of Mines - IBM
 Public Sector Mining Undertaking – PSU
1. Hindustan Zinc Limited
2. Hindustan Copper Limited
3. Bharat Gold Mines Limited
4. Bharat Aluminium Company Limited
5. National Aluminium Company Limited
6. Minerals Exploration Corporation Limited

18. Some Effects of Mining on the Environment
• Deforestation and loss of biodiversity are major effects of mining. It
destroys forests and wetlands.
• Some mining involves the inadvertent dispersal of heavy metals, such as
lead.
• Asbestos mining causes the dispersal of asbestos into the environment.
• Groundwater contamination
• Surface water pollution
• Air pollution

20. What Can We Do?
1. Find alternative resources
2. Develop efficient and reliable renewable resources
3. Reduce our use and avoid waste
4. Reuse what we can
5. Recycle