Gis for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

GIS : OPPORTUNITIES IN NIGERIA
DEVELOPMENT AND SDG
EGUAKHIDE Obehi .E. E c o P r o R e s o u r c e s L t d

Overview
Section 1 - GIS
• What is GIS?
• How does it work?
• Required Functions for GIS
• Areas of Application
Section 2 - Sustainability
• What is Sustainability?
• Triple Bottom Line Concept
• What are the SDG’s
Section 3 - WHY
• Why GIS in SD
• Role of GIS in Sustainable Development
Section 4 - Opportunities
• Opportunities in Nigeria Development
• Challenges Implementing GIS In Nigeria
• Future Prospects
• Next Steps
Tuesday, July 25, 2017 GIS - Opportunities in Nigeria Development and SDG
2

SECTION ONE
Tuesday, July 25, 2017 GIS - Opportunities in Nigeria Development and SDG 3

GIS????
• A geographic information system
(GIS) is a computer system for
capturing, storing, checking, and
displaying data related to positions on
Earth's surface. GIS can show many
different kinds of data on one map. This
enables people to more easily see,
analyse, and understand patterns and
relationships. National Geographic
Society
• GIS software is designed to capture,
manage, analyse, and display all forms
of geographically referenced
information. GIS allows us to view,
understand, question, interpret,
and visualize our world in ways that
reveal relationships, patterns, and
trends in the form of maps, globes,
reports, and charts. GIS software
helps you answer questions and solve
problems by looking at your data in a
way that is quickly understood and
easily shared—on a map! - ESRI

How Does GIS Work?
• A simple five-step process lets you apply GIS to any business or organizational problem
that requires a geographic decision.
Ask
What is the problem you are trying to
solve or analyse, and where is it
located? Framing the question will
help you decide what to analyse and
how to present the results to
your audience
Acquire
Next you need to find the data
needed to complete your project. The
type of data and the geographic scope
of your project will help direct your
methods of collecting data and
conducting the analysis.
Examine
You will only know for certain
that your data is appropriate for
your study after thoroughly
examining it. This includes how
the data is organized, how
accurate it is, and where the data
came from.
Analyse
Geographic analysis is the core strength
of GIS. Depending on your project, there
are many different analysis methods to
choose from. GIS modelling tools make it
relatively easy to make these changes and
create new output
Act
The results of your analysis can be shared
through reports, maps, tables, and charts
and delivered in printed format or
digitally over a network or on the web.
You need to decide on the best means for
presenting your analysis, and GIS makes it
easy to tailor the results for different
audiences.

Required Functions for GIS
The questions that a GIS is required to answer are
mainly as follows :
• What is it......? (Locational question ; what
exists at a particular location)
• Where is it.....? (Conditional question ; which
locations satisfy certain conditions)
• How has it changed........? (Trendy question ;
identifies geographic occurrence or trends that
have changed or in the process of changing)
• Which data are related ........? (Relational
question : analyses the spatial relationship
between objects of geographic features)
• What if.......? (Model based question ;
computers and displays an optimum path, a
suitable land, risky area against disasters etc.
based on model)

GIS - Areas of Application
Government
Federal
State
Local
Communities
Facilities
Land Administration
Public works
Economic Development
Elections
Urban & Regional
Planning
Business
Insurance
Retail
Manufacturing
Real Estate
Banking
Marketing
Media &
Entertainment
Supply Chain
Utilities and
Communication
Electric
Gas
Pipeline
Telecommunications
Water Utilities
Natural
Resources
Agriculture
Conservation
Environmental
Management
Forestry – Mining –
Oceans – Petroleum
Water Resources
Climate/Weather/At
mosphere.
Additional
Industries
Defence
Intelligence
Education
Health & Services
Public Safety
Sustainable
Development

SECTION TWO

Sustainable Development?
• “Sustainability” is the study of how natural systems function, remain diverse
and produce everything it needs for the ecology to remain in balance.
Environmental Science .org
• "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Bruntland Report
for the World Commission on Environment and Development (1992)

• Value
• Risks
• Legislation
• Public Awareness
• Employment
• Training
• Local Economies
• Resource Efficiency
• Energy Efficiency
• Global Climate Change Issues
Triple Bottom Line Concept - Sustainable Development

SECTION THREE

Why GIS in Sustainable Development?
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
- United Nations
GIS in an integrating multidisciplinary tool
that brings together information and
experts from diverse and disparate
backgrounds

Role of GIS

SECTION FOUR

Some Agencies in Nigeria Applying GIS
NITDA – National Information Technology Development Agency
NOSDRA - National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency
LAMATA – Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority
FERMA – Federal Roads Maintenance Agency
AGIS – Abuja-GIS
FOS - Federal Office of Survey
FCDA - Federal Capital Development Agency

Opportunities in Nigeria Development
• Data Gaps
• Energy Efficiency
• Infrastructure Management
• Utilities Management
• Government Policies
• Security & Defense
• Resources management
• Health
• Education

Challenges Implementing GIS in Nigeria
• Lack of adequate awareness by policy makers – most policy makers are
unaware of the numerous abilities of a GIS; believing it lies only on map making.
• Failure to identify and involve all users - Users in an operational GIS
environment consist of operations, management, and policy levels of the
organization.
• Failure to match GIS capability and needs - The success of a GIS
implementation is particularly sensitive to the right hardware and software choices !

Challenges Implementing GIS in Nigeria
• Failure to identify total costs - The GIS acquisition cost is relatively easy to identify. However,
it will represent a very small fraction of the total cost of implementing a GIS. Ongoing costs are
substantial and include hardware and software maintenance, staffing, system administration,
initial data loading, data updating, custom programming, and consulting fees.
• Inadequate Data/data types – a lack of readily usable datasets and/or data types is a major
issue.
• Failure to conduct a pilot study - The GIS implementation plan concerns itself with the
many technical and administrative issues and their related cost impacts. Three of the most crucial
issues, are database design, data loading and maintenance, and day-to-day operations. The pilot
study will allow one to gather detailed observations, provided it is properly designed, to allow you
to effectively estimate the operational requirements.

FUTURE PROSPECTS OF GIS IN NIGERIA
• Poverty reduction programs: GIS technology could help in better planning of various natural
resources and land use thereby helping in balanced development in poverty reduction programs.
• Disaster management: The technology could help in various measures for prediction,
mitigation and management of disaster such as erosion, solid waste, floods, etc.
• Education: By educating school children, tertiary institutions students, and the general public
on the issues of environmental awareness through better illustrations by GIS technology.
• Agriculture: This technology could provide suitable tools to various agriculture crops, yield
forecasting and monitoring agriculture areas.
• Forestry: Application of these technologies in forestry sector could help better inventory forest
resources, sustainable use of forest resources, reforestation activities, and the management of
community forests

FUTURE PROSPECTS OF GIS IN NIGERIA
• Biodiversity: Also helps in better management of biodiversity through better
mapping of resources, and strategies for biodiversity conservation.
• Tourism: Tourism is one of the important sectors of the national economy. The
use of this technology could assist the industry with better planning of tourism
infrastructure, generation and dissemination of such by virtual reality, better
quality maps, etc.
• Health and Medicine: This technology could help in monitoring and
management of areas under herbs, designing herbs plantation areas, monitoring
disease and epidemics, etc.

Next Step(s)

References
• ESRI - Environmental Systems Research Institute
• NGS - National Geographic Society
• Global Footprints - www.globalfootprints.org
• EnvironmentalScience.org - www.environmentalscience.org
• UCLA - www.sustain.ucla.edu/what-is-sustainability/
• www.financialfreedomclassroom.com/businessboost/thousands-of-opportunities/
• www.slideshare.net/yaesh/gis-5931008
• J.T. Fadahunsi, M.Sc - A Perspective View on the Development and Applications of
Geographical Information System (GIS) in Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and
Technology. Volume 11. Number 1. May 2010

Gis for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

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