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Ancient Greek innovations

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Ancient Greek innovations

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ANCIENT GREEK INNOVATIONS 1st Experimental Lyceum of Thessaloniki “Manolis Andronikos”
THE FLYING PIGEON OF ARCHYTAS  The flying pigeon of Archytas (4th century b.C.) was the first flying machine in human history.
HYDRAULIC TELEGRAPH  It was constructed by Aeneas Tacticus (about 40 B.C.).  It was used for the rapid transfer of messages within the large Empire of Alexander the Great.
 Containers filled with water were put on separate hills.  Rods inscribed with various predetermined codes (same for both rods) floated within the containers at various points along their height.  To send a message the sending and the receiving operators opened simultaneously the spigots at the bottom of the containers.
 While the water was draining out, the rods was sinking inside the containers.  When the water level reached the desired code, the sending operator would make a signal to the receiving operator to close the spigot.  The receiving operator would then read the code inscribed at that height of the rod – which was the message that the operator from the other hill wanted to send him.
AUTOMATIC DOORS OPENING  Hero of Alexandreia constructed a mechanism for the automatic opening of the doors, which is based on the properties of air and liquids (about 100 B.C).  This mechanism is supposed to have been used in the temple of Diana in Ephesus.
 The air from a closed chamber heated by the altar fire was used to displace water from a sealed vessel. The water was collected and its weight, pulling on a rope, opened the temple doors.
HERO ENGINE  An aeolipile (aelosphere), also known as a Hero engine, is a simple bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated. Torque is produced by steam jets exiting the turbine, much like a tip jet or rocket engine.
HYDRAULIS The first keyboard musical instrument, the Hydraulis was invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria in the 3rd Century B.C. Hydraulis is the ancestor of the modern church organ. A modern reconstruction of the ancient hydraulis.
HYDRAULIC AUTOMATON OF THE «CHIRPING BIRDS» AND OF THE «RETURNING OWL» The hydraulic automaton of the «chirping birds» and of the «returning owl» was an exceptional automatism of repeating spectacle with motion and sound production.
ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM  The Antikythera mechanism (2nd century b.C.) was found in 1900– 1901 in the Antikythera wreck. Τhe mechanism was an analog computer designed to calculate astronomical positions and was used to predict lunar and solar eclipses based on Babylonian arithmetic-progression cycles.
The Antikythera mechanism

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Ancient Greek innovations

  • 1. ANCIENT GREEK INNOVATIONS 1st Experimental Lyceum of Thessaloniki “Manolis Andronikos”
  • 2. THE FLYING PIGEON OF ARCHYTAS  The flying pigeon of Archytas (4th century b.C.) was the first flying machine in human history.
  • 3. HYDRAULIC TELEGRAPH  It was constructed by Aeneas Tacticus (about 40 B.C.).  It was used for the rapid transfer of messages within the large Empire of Alexander the Great.
  • 4.  Containers filled with water were put on separate hills.  Rods inscribed with various predetermined codes (same for both rods) floated within the containers at various points along their height.  To send a message the sending and the receiving operators opened simultaneously the spigots at the bottom of the containers.
  • 5.  While the water was draining out, the rods was sinking inside the containers.  When the water level reached the desired code, the sending operator would make a signal to the receiving operator to close the spigot.  The receiving operator would then read the code inscribed at that height of the rod – which was the message that the operator from the other hill wanted to send him.
  • 6. AUTOMATIC DOORS OPENING  Hero of Alexandreia constructed a mechanism for the automatic opening of the doors, which is based on the properties of air and liquids (about 100 B.C).  This mechanism is supposed to have been used in the temple of Diana in Ephesus.
  • 7.  The air from a closed chamber heated by the altar fire was used to displace water from a sealed vessel. The water was collected and its weight, pulling on a rope, opened the temple doors.
  • 8. HERO ENGINE  An aeolipile (aelosphere), also known as a Hero engine, is a simple bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated. Torque is produced by steam jets exiting the turbine, much like a tip jet or rocket engine.
  • 9. HYDRAULIS The first keyboard musical instrument, the Hydraulis was invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria in the 3rd Century B.C. Hydraulis is the ancestor of the modern church organ. A modern reconstruction of the ancient hydraulis.
  • 10. HYDRAULIC AUTOMATON OF THE «CHIRPING BIRDS» AND OF THE «RETURNING OWL» The hydraulic automaton of the «chirping birds» and of the «returning owl» was an exceptional automatism of repeating spectacle with motion and sound production.
  • 11. ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM  The Antikythera mechanism (2nd century b.C.) was found in 1900– 1901 in the Antikythera wreck. Τhe mechanism was an analog computer designed to calculate astronomical positions and was used to predict lunar and solar eclipses based on Babylonian arithmetic-progression cycles.