Theories on the origin of the universe

1. Theories
on the
Origin of the
Universe

2. 1. Creation Theory
- Hebrews and Christians
- How God separated light from
darkness, created the sky,
land, sea, moon, stars, and
every living creature

3. 2. Cosmic Egg Theory
- Hindus
- Containing the whole
universe, sun, moon, planets,
and space expands out and
will eventually collapse again

4. 3. Atomic Universe Theory
- Leucippus and Democritus
- That the universe was
composed of very small,
indivisible and indestructible
atoms

5. 4. Stoic Theory
- Stoic philosophers
- Universe is like a giant living body,
with the sun and the stars as the
most important parts
- What happens to one place affect
what happens elsewhere

6. 5. Infinite Universe Theory
- Rene Descartes
- The vacuum of space was not
empty at all but was filled with
matter that swirled around in
large and small vortices

7. 6. Static Universe Theory
- Albert Einstein
- Neither contracting nor expanding
- But later abandoned this part of
theory when Edwin Hubble in
1929 showed that the universe
was not static

8. 7. Big Bang Theory
- Edwin Hubble
- Universe is expanding
- Says that the universe was then a tiny
ball
- About 1cm diameter and exploded
- Most accepted explanation about the
origin of the universe

9. 8. Oscillating Universe Theory
- Albert Einstein
- His most favored model after he
reject his own original theory
- Universe is expanding for a time
and then contracting due to the
pull of gravity

10. 9. Steady State Theory
- Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and
Herman Bondi
- Universe that expanded but did not
change its density; matter was
inserted into the universe as it
expanded in order to maintain
constant density

11. 10. Inflationary Model Theory
- Alan Guth
- Based on Big Bang Theory
- Incorporated a short, early period of
exponential cosmic inflation in order
to solve the horizon and flatness
problems of the standard Big Bang
Theory

12. 11. Chaotic Inflation Theory
-Andrei Linde
-Sees our universe as just
one of many “bubbles”
that grew as part of
multiverse

13. 12. “Many Worlds” Theory
-Hugh Everett III and
Bryce DeWitt
-Many worlds

14. The Originof the
Solar System

15. 1. Nebular Hypothesis
- By Immanuel Kant and Pierre-Simon
Laplace
- (Kant-Laplace Nebular Hypothesis)
- First to propose the earliest theory on
how the solar system originated
- That the Solar System began as a cloud
of dispersed interstellar gas called
nebula

16. - The mutual gravitational attraction
between particles caused them to
start moving and colliding, and they
were kept together by electrostatic
forces
- The resulting nebular aggregates
become larger than others, grew
more rapidly, and ultimately become
the planets

17. - 40 years later, Laplace explained that
with the sun already formed, the
continuous rotation of the Solar
Systems around an axis would create
the planets
- Laplace assumed that the Sun cools
off as it radiates away its heat, which
would also cause contraction

18. - As the contraction continues, the
Sun’s rotational velocity would
increase
- The centrifugal force would push
materials outward the Sun’s
atmosphere, while gravitational
attraction would pull materials
towards the center

19. 2. Planetesimal and Tidal Theories
- Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin and
Forest Ray Moulton
- Chamberlin-Moulton Planetesimal
Hypothesis)
- That a star passed close enough to the
sun, creating huge tides and causing
materials to be ejected

20. - The action of the two forces
would create a ring of material
within the plane of the Sun’s
equator
- This process forms several
concentric rings that would
eventually form planets

21. - These smaller masses quickly
cooled and become numerous
smaller bodies called
planetesimals
- Accretion of planetisimals
created the larger bodies or
protoplanets

22. - James Hopwood Jeans and
Harold Jeffrey
- (Jeans-Jeffreys’ Tidal Theory)
- That when a huge tidal wave was
created from Sun’s collision w/
another star, long filament was
drawn out and detached from
the principal mass

23. - As the gaseous materials
condensed, it separated into
masses of various sizes and
condensed to form planets

24. 3. Protoplanet Theory
- Gerald Kuiper and Cal von Weizsacker
- The dense area of the nebula and the
gaseous matter surrounding it ceased to
rotate uniformly
- The nebula broke into whirlpools of gas
within a rotating mass called
protoplanets

25. Chemical and
Physical Differences
-Harold Urey
-Terrestrial planets and
Gas Giants

26. 1. Theory about God who created the universe.
2. Most accepted theory about the origin of the
universe by Edwin Hubble.
3. Theory that is proposed by Rene Descartes. In
finite universe theory
4. Earth as the center of the universe.
5. Sun as the center of universe.
6-8. Give 3 examples of a terrestrial planet.
9-10. Give 2 examples of a gas giant.
BONUS QUESTION (5POINTS)
“What is matter?”