Aquasome loaded with Indomethacin

1. C.S.J.M UNIVERSITY
AQUASOME
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PREPARED BY : - RAUNAK SONWANI
( M.PHARM 3rd SEM )

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3. ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to prepare nanoparticles in
form of aquasomes with Indomethacin as a low
solubility drug mode. Aquasomes charged with
Indomethacin were obtained through the formation of an
inorganic core of calcium phosphate covered with a
Lactose film and further adsorption of the Indomethacin.
Structural analyses, particle size, and morphology were
evaluated by X-ray powder diffractometry, transmission
electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy .
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4. 4
CONTENT
1
2
3
4
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
Materials and methods
4
5 CONCLUSIONS
IDENTIFICATION AND
SIZE DISTRIBUTION

5. 1. INTRODUCTION
Aquasomes represent one of the simplest yet a novel
drug carrier based on the fundamental principle of self
assembly.
The drug candidates delivered through the aquasomes
show better biological activity even in case of
conformationally sensitive ones.
This is probably due to the presence of the unique
carbohydrate coating the ceramic. Also these
formulations have been found to evoke a better
immunological response and could be used as immune
adjuvant for proteinaceous antigens. . 5

6. 1. INTRODUCTION
Various methods used for the obtention of nanoparticles
use polymers and encounter difficulties such as the
compatibility of solvents and other constituents whose
particle size (lower than 1000 nm) is appropriate to
parenteral administration because it prevents the
obstruction 1into the bloodstream capillaries (Banker and
Rhodes, 1990).
Aquasomes differentiate from other nanoparticles
systems by their conformation and the water absorbent
nature .
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7. These three layered structure are self assembled by
non-covalent bonds.
Principal of “self
assembly of macromolecule” is governed by three
physiochemical process .
1) Interaction between charged group :
The interaction of charged group facilitates long
range approach of self assembly sub units charge
group also plays a role in stabilizing tertiary
structures of folded proteins.
1. INTRODUCTION
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8. 2) Hydrogen bonding and dehydration effect :
Hydrogen bond helps in base pair matching and
stabilization secondary protein structure.
3) Structural stability of protein in biological
environment:
determined by interaction between charged group and
Hydrogen bonds largely external to molecule and by van
der waals forces largely internal to molecule .
1. INTRODUCTION
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9. 2. OBJECTIVE
The present study had the objective of preparing
nanoparticles in the form of aquasomes.
They were charged with Indomethacin, a model drug of
low aqueous solubility that presents polymorphism and
has lately been used as a study model in micro- and
nanoparticulates system .
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10. 3. Materials and methods
3.1. Materials
Calcium chloride , monobasic sodium phosphate ,
acetone , ethanol , chloroform , Butvar’s reactive for
scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and bi-distilled
water were analytical grade.
Lactose (Lactochem) and Indomethacin 99% were
pharmacopeial quality.
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11. 3. Materials and methods
3.2. Methods
3.3.1. Preparation of aquasomes
The general procedure consists of an inorganic core
formation, which will be coated with Lactose forming
the polyhydroxylated core that finally will be loaded by
Indomethacin, our model drug.
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12. 3.3.1.1. Inorganic cores
The inorganic cores obtained from
calcium phosphate were prepared from the
precipitation of a 0.25 M monobasic sodium
phosphate solution and a 0.75 M calcium chloride
solution agitated mechanically and After these
treatments the dispersion containing the inorganic
cores was filtered through a membrane filter (pore
size 0.22m) of nitrocellulose.
3.2. Methods
3.3.1. Preparation of aquasomes
3. Materials and methods
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13. 3.3.1.3. Drug loading
A solution 0.06 M of Indomethacin in
acetone was
added at a dispersion of 1mg/ml of the
polyhydroxylated cores after a mechanical agitation,
which was
maintained for 90min.
The dispersion was filtered and freeze dried.
3. Materials and methods
3.2. Methods
3.3.1. Preparation of aquasomes
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14. 3.3.1.2. Lactose coating
A sample of 1.0mg of the inorganic cores was
resuspended into a 1.0ml bi-distilled water and was
added to a 100ml solution of Lactose .
After period of
90min of mechanical agitation the
dispersion was filtered
through a membrane filter (pore
size 0.22m) of nitrocellulose.
3. Materials and methods
3.2. Methods
3.3.1. Preparation of aquasomes
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15. 3. Materials and methods
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16. Identification, particle morphology, and distribution
size analysis of nanoparticles ,The analysis and
characterization of the nanoparticles in each step
were determined by :-
(a). transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
(b). scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
(c). X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD)
4. Identification, particle morphology, and
distribution size analysis of nanoparticles
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17. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is used to characterized
the surface morphology, particle size (Not able to measure nano
size powders), EDS (a analysis tool of SEM) used for elemental
analysis in your composition, its able to detect contamination in
your composition, you can use it to view cross-sections of
coatings deposit, microstructures, thickness and many more.
beside TEM is a high resolution tool (Transmission Electron
Microscope) , able analyze at high resolution at nano level. TEM
used to measure nano particles size, measurement of grain size,
crystallite size, atomic arrangement in material, formation of
new phases with very low amount which can not detect by XRD,
by using TEM we can detect low amount (10 %<) phases. 17

18. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD)
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)
is a rapid analytical technique
primarily used for phase
identification of a crystalline
material and can provide
information on unit cell
dimensions. The analyzed
material is finely ground,
homogenized, and average
bulk composition is
determined. D8-Discover-bruker. XRPD
https://serc.carleton.edu/download/images/8416/D8-Discover-bruker.jpg
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19. Selected area
electron diffraction
patterns (a–d) from
the samples (1–4)
with calcium
phosphate core, and
their
corresponding SEM
micrographs (e–h).
The electron
diffraction patterns
show the airy disk
and the crystalline
reflexions
from the spherical or
ovoid structures
shown in the
These TEM observations were carried out with the
JEOL-100CX and JEM-1200 EX microscopes.
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20. 5. CONCLUSION
It was confirmed with transmission and scanning electron
microscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry analysis that
the used conditions in this work such as the high
frequency pulses sonication during the precipitation
between the solutions of monobasic sodium phosphate
and calcium chloride allowed to obtain spherical
nanoparticles of calcium phosphate which were
subsequently loaded with Lactose and Indomethacin.
Further studies are in progress to determine the release of
Indomethacin of this novel approach to the fabrication of
drug release systems 20

21. Reference
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22. Thank You for Watching
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