2. POPULATION GROWTH AND THE URBAN
ENVIRONMENT
• Manchester – 20,000 before the IR, 700,000 by 1901.
• London - 1750, ~300k, 100 years later in 1850 ~3 million
• Global – 1650, 100 million, 1850, 266 million
• What does that mean for the world in 1850?
• What does it mean in cities?
5. RAILROADS
• Work began on using steam locomotives on rails in 1816.
• The first major/important railroad was completed in 1830. Where did it
run?
• By 1850 trains traveled at an astounding 50 miles per hour.
6.
7. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• England
• The expanding cottage industry
• The Putting-Out system
• Rivers/canals
• Trade from colonies
• Raw and manufactured goods
• Agribusiness and low food costs
• Mobile workforce
• Free markets
8. LABOR
• The first factories were cotton mills (1770s)
• Division of Labor (by 1850) – what does this mean? (p. 711)
• Early labor reforms in England
• 1802 - Orphans could not be used in factories.
• 1833 - Factory Act - 8 hours 9-13yoa, 12 hours 14-18.
• 1842 - Mines Act - Prohibited women and boys under 10.
• 1824 - Unions allowed.
• Who were the Luddites?
• What is class consciousness?
9. THE CRYSTAL PALACE
• An industrial exhibition in 1851 was held at the Crystal Palace,
constructed of iron and glass, a monument to industrialization and
British dominance in industry. 1500 exhibits from companies all over the
world saw over 6 million visitors.
10. MORE ABOUT THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhL5DCizj5c&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF
80C9&index=32
