Learning process

1. Dr. B L sharma

2.  Process by which behavior is originated or changes through
practice or training. –kingley & Garry
 Relatively permanent change in behavioural potentially that
occurs as a result of reinforced practice. - kimble
 Acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or
weakening of old behavior as the result of experience. -
Henry P. smith
 It is a part of education which modifying behavior.
 It is a process of G &D where by the learner acquires a body
of knowledge, develops ideas and ability to use knowledge
in the pursuit of ideals.

3. Learning is:
 Unitary
 Individual
 Social
 Self-active
 Purposive
 Creative
 Transferable
 Growth
 Adjustment
 Organising experience
 Intelligent
 Affect of Conduct
 Trail & error
 Depends upon insight

4.  Classical philosophical approach
 Field theory
 Association theory
 Structure theory

5.  Man as dualistic in nature
 One aspact of man, the person, consists of
corporeal susbtance, which is alive and grows
 Other aspact is a spiritual substance which is
the principle of spiritual acts
 The soul which animates the body by which
the man thinks, feels and wills.

6.  Man is percieved the field ground relationship
 The development of insight(sudden
awareness) or perception of essential
relationship in a situation
 Experiences or stimuli don’t occur sepertely
but always are patterned or organised and
structured
 The man responds to stimuli

7.  Stimuli in thr learner’s environment and the
response of stimuli constitutes the central
focus of the theory
 The stimulus is regarded as any event that an
individual is capable of sensing and
percieving
 The human organism receive a wide variety of
stimuli and produce a wide variety of
responses

8.  The theorist Brunner 1960 presented
importance of the intellectual approach in
learning
 He introduced four themes in his theory
 Structure, Intution, Readiness and Motivation

9.  Fix the Goals
 Initiates the stimulus
 Response the perception’s
 Accept the responses
 Stepping of consequence's
 Anticipation the Integration

10. 1. Depending on the acquiring knowledge
 Formal Learning
 Informal Learning
2.Depending on the number of individuals, group
3. Depending on the types of activities involved
 Motor Learning
 Verbal Learning
 Discrimation Learning
 Sensory Learning
4.Ideational learning: (Cognition Learning)
it is the processes whereby an individual obtains
knowledge and understanding more facts(something
that has happened), concepts(mental image), meanings,
generalisation and principles.
5.Skill learning: (Conative or psychomotor)

11. Skill learning is :
 Conative or psychomotor domain
 Refined pattern of movement based upon
perceived demands of the situation.
 Unified and organic whole into which the
separate movements fit as details of the total
act.
Development of skill:
 Form in a skill
 Execution of a skill

12. A. Psychological individual differences of learners
 Physical factors-
 Social factors
 Cultural factors
B. Teacher’s enthusiasm in class room learning
 Nature and method
 Techniques and strategies
 Learner’s centered
 Identify the interest, needs, emotional conditions,
intelligence of learner
Aptitude
Attitude
Motivation
Mental health
Aspiration

13. C. Environmental & other factors:
 External environment- surroundings, cultural,
social demands
 Weather, religion, peoples in surrounding
area, place and origin of peoples.
D. Motivation towards objectives
E. Active participation and practice
F. Sequencing or ordering of subject content

14.  Visual learners- Graphics, maps, written
outlines, wall charts etc.
 Auditory learners- Lecture method, group
discussions, jokes, stories, music, words to
accompany a cartoon, oral reports of working
groups.
 Kinesthetic learners- rocking, shaking a leg
during a lecture, hands on experience to
learn a task. Role play exercises over
discussion groups, shaking hands.

15.  Behaviorist orientations to learning
 Cognitivist orientations to learning
 Humanist orientations to learning
 Social/situational orientations to learning

16. Aspect Behaviorist cognitivist Humanist Social &
situational
Learnin
g
theorist
Pavlov,
skinner,
watson,
tolman
Kohler, lewin,
Brunner, piaget
Maslow,
roger
Bandura,
Lave,
solomon
View of
learning
process
Change in
behavior of
learner
It is the internal
mental process
which includes
insight,
information
processing,
memory,
perception
It is personal
act to fulfil
potential
It is an
interaction/o
bservation in
a social
contexts
Locus of
learning
Stimuli is
external
environment
Internal cognitive
structuring
Affective and
cognitive
needs
Learning is a
relationship
b/w the
people and

17. Aspect Behaviorist cognitivist Huminist Social &
situations
Purpose of
education
To develop
behavioral
change in
desired direction
To develop
Capacity
and skills to
learn better
To become
self
actualized
and
autonomous
To promote
full
participation
in community
and
utilization of
sources
Educator’s
role
Arranging the
environment to
elicit desired
response
Structuring
the content
of learning
activity
Facilitating
the
development
of the whole
person
Working to
establish &
maintain
activities
Manifestatio
ns in adult
learning
Behavioral
objectives based
education skill
development &
Cognitive
developmen
t
intelligence,
Andragogy
self directed
learning
Socialization,
social
participation
associationali

18.  Sign learning
 Stimulus response learning
 Changing
 Verbal association learning
 Multiple discrimination
 Concept learning
 Principle learning
 Problem solving

19. Thanks