Optimising Team Performance
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Performance conversations that are regular and focussed is critical to managing performance in a team. What sort of performance conversations should the leader have? How often? What is the leader’s role in these conversations? Saving up feedback for the annual performance review is not the answer.
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Optimising Team Performance
- 1. Dr Tim Baker tim@winnersatwork.com.au www.winnersatwork.com.au Optimising Team Performance
- 2. Unit 1—The Ingredients of Effective Feedback Unit 2—Enhancing Your Personal Influence Unit 3—Optimising Team Performance Unit 4—Getting the Very Best from People Unit 5—Understanding People and their Personalities Unit 6—Facilitating Effective Meetings
- 3. Your primary role as a leader is to get the very best from each member of your team
- 5. Sobering statistics … 79% of organizations worldwide struggle to engage and retain their employees (Deloitte’s, 2014) 86% of organizations believe they don’t have an adequate leadership pipeline to address these problems (Deloitte’s, 2014) 90% of leaders rely on their own ideas, rather than seeking involvement from their team. Worse still, 89% of leaders failed to listen or respond to interpersonal cues from those they interact with (DDI, 2012) Disturbingly, only 5% of leaders are effective in building trust in their interactions with team members (DDI, 2012) 60% of employees felt their self-esteem dented by their leader at work. These people would rather do almost anything else than sit through a performance conversation with their boss. Although they did acknowledge that a good boss with excellent interaction skills would enhance their productivity by as much as 60%! (DDI, 2012) 79% of employees who quit their jobs cite a lack of appreciation as a key reason for leaving (Lipman, 2012) 65% of North Americans report that they didn't receive any recognition in the previous year (Lipman, 2012)
- 6. It’s all about the conversation … Organisations are conversations Organisations are a series of conversations Good quality conversation is sadly neglected The ‘art’ of conversation Have we lost the need for conversations? I don’t have time for conversations Leadership is a relationship
- 7. THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 8. THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION 1: Inattention during conversations
- 9. 2: Restricted information channels THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 10. THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION 3: Lack of feedback
- 11. 4: A culture of not asking questions THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 12. 5: Too much formality THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 15. 8: Fear of emotion THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 16. 9: Physical office layout THE 9 COMMON BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
- 17. The five conversations framework Baker, T. (2013). The End of the Performance Review: A New Approach to Appraising Employee Performance
- 18. Five More Developmental Conversations … Coaching conversation Mentoring conversation Delegating conversation Visioning conversation Encouraging conversation Baker, T. & Warren, A. (2015). Conversations at Work: Promoting a Culture of Conversation in the Changing Workplace
- 19. Perceptual positions 1st Position Self 3rd Position Observer 2nd Position Other
- 20. Good conversation is about questions
- 22. Your homework Organise a regular get together with your direct reports on a fortnightly or monthly basis … and stick to it no matter what
- 23. Unit 1—The Ingredients of Effective Feedback Unit 2—Enhancing Your Personal Influence Unit 3—Optimising Team Performance Unit 4—Getting the Very Best from People Unit 5—Understanding People and their Personalities Unit 6—Facilitating Effective Meetings
Editor's Notes
- It paints a grim picture. it’s completely paradoxical that we’ve never been more connected digitally and yet—at a human level—we have never been so disconnected. We now have the capability to connect instantly with virtually anyone, at any time, in any place in the world. This is only a relatively recent phenomenon. Despite this wonderment, there’s a rapid inverse decline in human connectivity in our local communities. Most of us don’t know our neighbors, let alone the people living in the house or apartment across the road or hallway.
- Organisations are conversations. The organisation as a collection of people working together to achieve a certain outcome. Organisations are a series of conversations that go on in the lunch room, board room, office, hallway, car, and toilet. 100, 1000, and 10 and 10000 conversations everyday. Some conversations are short, some long, some meaningful, some trivial, some are formal, others informal, some pleasant, others unpleasant. Some structured, others meandering. Some online, others off-line Good quality conversation is sadly neglected. It’s the quality of conversations that count. Meaningful conversations in a workplace affect performance, morale, energy levels, trust levels. The art of conversation. There is no art. We are all capable of being good conversations. We all have good conversations and poor conversations. Some conversations such as difficult conversation do take some skill. But most or not really an art form. Have we lost the need for conversation? If you go home this afternoon on public transport, whether it is by tram, train or bus, have a look around. You will notice everyone is fixated on a screen. When these people arrive home they’ll be fixated on another screen; a TV screen, all the while making face book and twitter updates. There are many conversations we have through technology. Its convenient. It takes a few seconds. It can be done at the click of a button. But many of those conversations occur online when they ought to occur face-to-face. I don’t have time for conversations. A manager said to me the other day: “I don’t have time for conversations. I have too much work to do.” Someone comes to their office at said, “I’m going. I have a better offer in another organisation.” Perhaps an earlier conversation may have prevented this conversation. Leadership is a relationship. Kouzes and Posner once said “Leadership is a relationship” in their great book: “The Leadership Challenge”. I totally agree. But how do you form a relationship? Through trust building. And how do you build trust? Through a series of meaningful conversations.
- We have looked at the psychological barriers of communication. Let’s look at nine barriers that can be personal, structural, cultural, procedural, or physical.
- Warren Bennis identified the “management of attention” as one of the core competencies of highly successful leaders. How do we improve your ability to manage your attention? Three things help with the management of attention: Reduce manageable distractions Multi-tasking is not efficient. Shifting from one activity to the next can give the illusion of efficiency. But you are short changing yourself on both activities. Focus on one conversation at a time. If the conversation is worth having, it is worth your complete undivided attention. Identify your most attentive time of the day. Important conversations ought to take place in high energy times. Ask yourself: How present am I in this conversation?
- “You’ll get told on a need to know basis” is a common refrain from a manager with a traditional psychological contract mindset. This idea is borne out of the notion that employees can’t be trusted with confidential information. The assumption is that managers can be trusted, but employees can’t. This is erroneous. Granted, there are more employees than managers, but the idea of not communicating because of a lack of trust is a barrier to genuine, open dialogue. It is a two-way street too: Employees have to be willing to share bad news to managers too.
- Australian managers are worst in the world at giving timely, relevant, and balanced feedback. Feedback ought to be a dialogue, not a monologue. Tell the story of the 19 year old employee who received no feedback.
- Discuss the concept of managers being trained to answer questions not ask them. Talk about the story of the accident in the production area. The person who asks the questions has control of the conversation always. Show me a good conversationalist, and I’ll show you someone who asks lots of questions.
- Conversations in the bosses office are not necessarily going to be the best conversations. In paramilitary organizations based on power, conversations can be accompanied by lots of paperwork and red tape. This stifles conversation. The best conversations ironically occur around the watercooler, in the hallways, in the car driving back from a client or customer meeting.
- The average person spends 2.5 hours a day on email. What would those 2.5 hours be spend doing before email? Conversation? Having a conversation via email is not a real conversation; it is asynchronous; the sending and receiving doesn’t happen at the same time. Would this be best discussed in person or via the telephone?
- What do your senior managers do? Tell the story of the police commissioner
- “I don’t want to open a can of worms” “let sleeping dogs lie” Talk about the story of the orchestra: two musicians have not spoken to each other for 10 years.
- There are two issues here with physical layout: proximity and layout. Proximity refers to the relative physical distance between people. Layout in the office environment; the further someone is from the centre of the action, the more likely they are to be less involved and engaged in the daily operations. We have found interestingly, that the move in recent times to open office plans do encourage open communication, but because people can be heard due to lack of privacy, there is less meaningful interactions. Managers often say to me “I have an open door policy”; I feel like saying, “Yes, but do you have an open mind?”
- So those are the main barriers to communication. So how do we encourage more productive conversations and meaningful dialogue? You need a framework in place that promotes these conversations. I want to share with you two frameworks. Both of these frameworks can, and should be, recorded for reference. The first of this frameworks that we discuss in Conversations at Work is The Five Conversations Framework. Briefly describe the framework and the fact that some organisations are using this as a substitute for the traditional performance review.
- Coaching conversation Coaching conversations can take place informally, spontaneously, and briefly. We might call it “corridor coaching.” Mentoring conversation While coaching and mentoring are clearly related, and the descriptions sometimes used interchangeably, there is a difference in dialogue. Where the coaching conversation is solution-focused, and driven by the needs and goals of the person being coached, the mentoring conversation is often more general and tends to directly tap the experience and expertise of the mentor. Delegation conversation The delegation conversation is not about dumping work or responsibility on someone else, nor is it about abrogating our own responsibilities. It’s about incrementally increasing others’ responsibilities as a part of their continuous development. Visioning conversation Visioning can sound like a fluffy concept, but it’s actually a quite everyday need we have in our work and in our lives. We all crave a sense of purpose and meaning in what we do. Simon Sinek reminds us in his book, Start with the why, that “it doesn’t what you do, it matters why you do it. We need to explain the why. Encouraging conversation Opportunities to engage in encouraging conversations are perhaps amongst the easiest and certainly amongst the most enjoyable. A key to bringing out the best in others is to express appreciation, acknowledge contribution, and celebrate achievements.
- I want to share with you what I believe to be the two fundamental attributes of someone who has the capacity to have meaningful conversations with their staff. One is a way of thinking and the other is a behaviour. Perceptual positions considers the way people view the conversation they are in. First position is looking at he situation through their own eyes; the least helpful frame-of-reference for a conversationalist. Second position is looking at the situation through the eyes of the other person. In other words, putting ourselves in their shoes. It doesn’t mean agreeing with them. It really means to understand their perspective. Third position is appreciating the context of the conversation and the other important variables that need to be taken into account. For example, if you are in a forest and you have your nose pressed up against the trunk of a large tree, you are in first position; you can see the tree, but are unaware you are in a forest. Stepping back from the tree you are able to see many trees and realise you are actually in the middle of a forest. This is second position. Talk about the three conceptual positions using the analogue of a fight between two people. Now if you get into a helicopter and rise above the forest and look down, all you will see is a sea of green; you can see the totality of the forest. This is third position. Take two people having an argument, finger pointing, voices raised, talking over the top of each other. This is first position. Both are not interested in anything else except promoting their own point-of-view. If one of them decides to stop talking and ask the other person to explain their case, this has the potential to put that person into second position. That person can then move to third position by considering the situation they are in and some of the external variables that may help or hinder a solution.
- The person who asks more questions drives the agenda of the conversation. Use the example of the journalist. Good conversationalist ask lots of open questions: Why, what, which, when, where, and how.