This presentation will be benefit for the helping both countries Afghanistan and China about education help and research information sharing when this agreement signed by both countries education ministers
2. Higher Education Cooperation between the
MoHE of Afghanistan and the MoE of People‘s
Republic of China and Subordinating, Shi Hezi
University
3. MoHE of Afghanistan and the Ministry of Education of China if they recall
the basic treaty of Friendship and cooperation between Afghanistan and
People‘s Republic of China
If we note the importance of education in
Introduction
National development
The value of international cooperation
Policy dialogue in education for realizing national objectives,
can be made on the basis of common recognition
4. Higher Education
Problems and lack
of research activity
Cooperation Agreement
Between Islamic Republic Of
AF and Great Nation OF
China
Leads to develop Afghan-China
University level of Education
and research Activity
5. Countries having cooperation with
Afghanistan
Countri
es giving
scholars
hip
India
1000
Iran 500
Pakistan
300
Russia
300
Japan 100
Turkey
100
Kazakhsta
n 40
Tajikistan
20
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
6. If the People ‘s Republic of China provide the same opportunity for our
lecturers, researchers, and students it will leads to improve our universities level
of education further, and will have positive effects on economical, Political,
cultural relationship between Afghanistan and China
Which leads to the development and Improvement our country Universities level
of education and also this was lead better relationship between our country and
those countries who provided this opportunity to our lecturers, students,
researchers, officials and ect.
Kabul Hospital reconstructed by China
CHINA-KABUL UNIVERSITY-EQUIPMENT-DONATION
7. 1. This Educational Cooperation may be intends to set up the general principles of
education:
Exchange program
Cooperation
According to which both sides may jointly identify fields of mutual interest and create opportunities to
develop dialogue or other cooperation in education on the basis of reciprocity and mutual benefit
OBJECTIVES
8. 2. Educational cooperative activities under this cooperation will cover the fields of higher
education, vocational education, research and distance education
3. Both sides will endeavor to encourage and facilitate, as appropriate, the development of
contacts and cooperation in the field of education between the interested educational
organizations and institutions of both countries
4. Cooperative activities under this cooperation will be subject to the respective
laws and regulations of each country
FRAMEWORK
Copper and Peace: Afghanistan’s China dilemma
9. Field and Form of Cooperation
Both sides will encourage:
Collaboration between the two countries to provide leadership in regional education issues and development
Cooperation and exchange of information on their respective educational systems and policies to assist in
ongoing education reform and to facilitate the recognition of each other’s educational qualifications and
student/staff mobility
People‘s Republic of China will provide scholarships for Bachelor, Master, Ph. D., Post Doctorate degree students
of Afghanistan Universities lecturers and students even for short period fellowships
The professional development of Afghan officials, academics, scholars, teachers, experts, students and
administrative staff
Collaboration between Shihezi University and afghan Public Universities of the two countries in joint delivery
and research programs and publications, including exchange of research materials, and educational literature
Joint conferences, exhibitions and symposia on matters of mutual interest
Other forms of cooperation in mutually determined and targeted areas, for example language education
10. 6. Both sides will have regular high level policy dialogue to exchange information and
experience on education challenges and reforms, and to identify priorities for bilateral
education cooperation
7. Both sides will consult together upon request of either side regarding any matter relating
to the terms of this cooperation
9. The cooperation should be in long term to get more benefits for the developments of the
higher education programs and research activity
IMPLEMENTATION
The exterior view of the Teaching Building of
the Chinese Language Department
The exterior view of the Guest House
Ambassador Deng Xijun delivering Speech
Editor's Notes
Organisms are Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus Penicillium, Trichoderma
Bacteria and fungi secrete organic acids
Many heterotropjic bacteria and fungi efficiently solubilize insoluble phosphate of soil and rock phosphates.
These organisms solubilize phosphate by secreting organic acids that render solubilization of insoluble phosphorus added to the soil, which then becomes available for plant absorption.
Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing micro organisms increase crop yield by 5-10 %.
The integrated use of rock phosphate and PSM add 20-30 kg P2O5/ha.
Nature and amount of soil minerals : adsorption and desorption reactions are affected by the type of mineral surfaces in contact with P in the soil solution.
pH increasing as profound influence on the quantity of adsorption and precipitation in soils adsorption by Fe and Al oxides declining with pH.
Cation effect: divalent cations enhance P adsorption relative to monovalent cations.
Anion effects: both organic and inorganic anions can compete with P for adsorption sited, resulting in decrease adsorption of added P.
Extent of saturation: in general P adsorption is greater in soils, with little P adsorbed to mineral surfaces.
Organic matter: continued application of manure can result in elevated P levels at 2 – 4 feet depth.
Reaction and temperature: the rate of most chemical and biological reactions increases with increasing temperature.
Flooding: in most soils there is an increase in avlaible P after flooding largely due to a conversion of Fe3 to Fe2. and hydrolysis of Al phosphate.
Fertilizer P management: placement of P fertilizer and fine texture mineral have greater P adsorption than coarse texture mineral because the amount of reactive mineral surface isgreater.
