This document discusses probiotics and prebiotics. It defines probiotics as live microorganisms that provide health benefits, and lists common probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that act as food for probiotics. The document outlines how probiotics and prebiotics can benefit health, their uses in aquaculture to reduce pathogens and improve growth, and regulatory organizations. It also provides contact information for the author to discuss potential projects.
3. JOB PROFILES
⢠Research Assistant
⢠Food, Industrial or Environmental Microbiologists
⢠Quality Assurance Technologists
⢠Sales or Technical Representative
⢠Clinical and Veterinary Microbiologists
⢠Medical Technologists
⢠Biomedical Scientist
⢠Clinical Research Associate
⢠Microbiologist
⢠Pharmacologist
⢠Food Technologist
⢠Scientific Laboratory Technician
⢠Physician Associate
⢠Research Scientist (life sciences)
4. EMPLOYMENT AREAS
⢠Pharmaceutical Industries
⢠Universities
⢠Laboratories
⢠Private Hospitals
⢠Research Organizations
⢠Environmental Agencies
⢠Food Industry
⢠Beverage Industry
⢠Chemical Industries
⢠Agriculture Department
⢠Aquaculture industry
8. Continue âŚ..
⢠Department of fisheries
⢠Ministry of fisheries, animal husbandry &
dairying
⢠Growing - annual average of more than 10%
⢠About 17% of agriculture exports - fish and fish
products
⢠The export of marine products -12.9 lakh metric
tons
12. PROBIOTICS
ďś Live microorganisms
ďś Confer a health benefit to the host
ďś Different groups of probiotics
ďś Trillions of microbes
ďś No same microbial cells
13. MICROBE AS PROBIOTICS
ďś Be isolated from a human
ďś Survive in intestine
ďś Have a proven benefit to you
ďśTolerance to gastrointestinal conditions
ďśAbility to adhere to the gastrointestinal
mucosa and
ďśCompetitive exclusion of pathogens
14. WHERE DO THEY LIVE
ďśMostly large intestines
ďśContact with the âoutside worldâ
ÂťGut
ÂťMouth
ÂťUrinary tract
ÂťSkin
ÂťLungs etc.,
15. HOW DO THEY WORK
⢠Keeps you healthy
⢠Supporting your immune function
⢠Controlling inflammation
âHelp your body digest food
âKeep bad bacteria control
âCreate vitamins
âPrevent entering your blood
âBreakdown and absorb medications
16. MOST COMMON TYPES
⢠Lactobacillus.
⢠Bifidobacterium.
⢠Saccharomyces boulardii.
â It works for one person may not work for
another
19. SOMETHING TO INCREASE
THEM
⢠Foods, drinks and supplements
⢠Fermented foods are home to probiotics
⢠Not a drugs - do not need approval by the
federal drug administration (FDA)
20. HOW SAFE ARE THEY
⢠A weakened immune system
⢠Recently had surgery
21. MECHANISMS
⢠Enhancement of the epithelial barrier
⢠Increased adhesion to intestinal mucosa
⢠Inhibition of pathogen adhesion
⢠Competitive exclusion of pathogenic
microorganisms
⢠Production of anti-microorganism substances
and modulation of the immune
22. SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
⢠It can be performed by 16S rRNA gene sequence
analysis
⢠DNA-DNA hybridization techniques
STRAIN IDENTIFICATION
⢠Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
⢠Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker
23. PREBIOTICS
⢠Human diet - source of energy
⢠Non-digestible carbohydrates
⢠Ferment
⢠Fructo - oligosaccharides
⢠Galacto - oligosaccharides
⢠Trans-galacto - oligosaccharides
25. EFFECTS
⢠Propionate - T helper 2 cell and macrophages
dendritic cells in the bone marrows
⢠SCFAS decrease the pH of colon
⢠Peptidoglycan - stimulate the innate immune system
against pathogenic microorganisms
⢠Butyrate influences intestinal epithelial development
26. WHICH ARE PREBIOTICS
⢠Resistant to acidic pH of stomach
⢠Cannot be hydrolyzed
⢠Should not be absorbed
⢠It can be fermented
⢠The growth or activity - selectively stimulated
27. PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE
⢠Help support health
⢠Performance
⢠Growth
WHY PROBIOTICS
⢠To reduce or eliminate antibiotics
⢠Improve sustainability
30. VIBRIO CONTROL
⢠Not necessary to kill
QUORUM SENSING
⢠Increase their virulence
⢠Survival
⢠Biofilm
â Quorum quenching probiotics
31. PROBIOTICS FOR GROWTH,
PERFORMANCE & HEALTH
⢠Competitive exclusion of pathogens
⢠Immune support
â Improve barrier function
â Modulate gene expression pathways
â Provide broad-spectrum disease resistance
32. DIGESTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY
⢠Bacillus spp. - Extracellular enzymes
⢠Improve the digestibility and FCR
âFeed - largest cost fraction
âImprove water quality
33. GUT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
⢠Lactic acid bacteria improving intestinal
morphology
⢠Greater villi length
⢠Numerous villi
⢠Greater microvilli density
⢠Increase the surface area
⢠More nutrients - absorbed
36. THANK YOU
⢠Contact : 9080447591
⢠Email : ravibiochemtech@gmail.com
You can contact me for M.Sc., projects
B.Tech projects
Engineering projects