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1. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Presented by - Dr Nainshi Bhatt
Guide - Dr Vaibhav Mane

2.  Neutrophil
 Functions of Neutrophils
 NET
 NET assosiated Protiens
 Netosis
 Triggers for Netosis
 Mechanism of Netosis
 Role of Netosis in health and diseases
 Netosis :- A double edge sword
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

3. Neutrophil
 Cellular components of the 1st line of immune defense/
host response to infection
 Most abundant innate immune effector cells of human
immune system
 Necessary to maintain homeostasis of organism.

4. Neutrophil
 Potent phagocytes that contain a multitude of intracellular
and extracellular mechanisms that leads to demise of
pathogenic bacteria.
 Short lived
 Found in - blood (survival upto 8hrs)
- tissues (survival upto 7days)

5. Functions of
 Phagocytosis
 ROS generation
 Degranulation
 Neutrophil Extracellular Trap

6. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap

7. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap
 Meshwork of
chromatin fibers
decorated with
granule-derived
antimicrobial
peptides and
enzymes(neutrop
hil elastase,
cathepsin G and
MPO)
Representative images of NETs induced in vitro by LPS in human
neutrophils. NETs are visualized by costaining of neutrophil elastase (green)
and nuclear material (DAPI, blue).

8. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap

10. Netosis or NET formation
 Specific type of cell death.

11. NETOSIS APOPTOSIS NECROSIS
CELL
MEMBRAN
E
Intact until the
release of NET
Membrane
blebbing but
cell integrity
maintained
Loss of
membrane
integrity
NUCLEUS Nuclear
decondensatitio
n and mixing
with
cytoplasmic
components
Nuclear
condensation
and formation
of apoptotic
bodies
Intact
CELL SIZE Unchanged or
enlarged
Reduced/Shrun
k
Swollen

12. Triggers For NETOSIS
 Proinflammatory cytokines
 Platelets
 Activated EC’s
 MSU crystals
 Autoantibodies

13. Microorganisms
 Aspergillus fumigatus
 Candida albicans
 Cryptococcus
 Escherichia coli
 Haemophilus influenzae
 Helicobacter pylori
 Klebsiella pneumoniae
 Leishmania
 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Shigella flexneri
 Staphylococcus aureus
 Streptococcus
 HIV-1

14. Chemical factors
 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) protein
 Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)
 PMA + ionomycin
 Platelet activation factor TLR4 TNF
 Statins
 δ-toxin from Staphylococcus epidermidis

15. Mechanism Of Netosis formation
 Nox- Dependent NET Formation
 Nox-Independent
 The role of transcription Firing
 Vital NET fromation
 The role of Histone modification

16. Mechanism Of Netosis formation

17. A unified model of NET

18. Citrullination is a Post-
Translational Modification

19. Role of Netosis in health
and diseases

20. NET in Health

21. NET in Diseases

22. NET in Thrombosis

23. NET in ALI/ARDS

24. NET in Cystic Fibrosis

25. NET in Covid -19
 Blood clots are a frequent complication of COVID-19,
and scientists are beginning to suspect that NETs might
be the culprit.
 In a preprint posted on May 5, Kanthi and Knight
demonstrated significantly elevated NET remnants in the
sera of three COVID-19 patients presenting with VTE.
The authors say that given the strong association
between NETs and thrombosis in other diseases, the
potential link between NETs and VTE in COVID-19
warrants exploration.

26. NET’s Driven diseases
Asthma
COPD
PE
DVT
MI
Stroke
AAA
IBD
SLE
Testicular torsion injury
RA
Lupus Erythematosis
Malaria
Ca
Ca Metastasis
Bechet’s Disease
Psoriasis
Vasculitis

27.  Defective
clearance of
NET causes
Autoimmune
disease.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap

28. Thank
You