Alternative Energy

1. GREEN ENVIRONMENT
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Dr K MUTHUKUMARAN
PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY
HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE
OF ENGG. & TECH.
COIMBATORE-641 032

2. Green Environment
Green Ecosystem
Keep nature as such
No impurities
Awareness
Green World/Green Chemistry
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3. NATURAL DISASTER
26th day of month carries
bad omen; 20 terrible
disasters which show its
beyond co-incidence
But actuals more than 32

4.  "Why God chooses 26th day of the
month to make the dwellers of
planet experience his wrath?"
 26th day of the month has spelled
disaster on numerous occasions. It
could no longer be dismissed as mere
co-incidence. The rising number of
natural calamities on the this date
proves that it is beyond a layman’s
logic.

5. 20 Major Disasters on the Day 26th
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No Event Location Date
1 North America
earthquake
North
America January 1700
2 Krakatau volcanic
eruption Indonesia August 1883
3 The Rhodes earthquake Rhodes June 1926
4 Kansu earthquake China December 1932
5 Turkey earthquake Turkey December 1939
6 Yugoslavia earthquake Yugoslavia July 1963
7 China earthquake China July 1976
8 Sabah Tidal waves China December 1996
9 Bam earthquake Iran December 1996
10 Gujarat earthquake Gujarat January 2001

6. 20 Major Disasters on the Day 26th
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No Event Location Date
11 Indian Ocean tsunami Indian Ocean December 2004
12 Aceh tsunami Indonesia December 2004
13 Mumbai Floods India July 2005
14 Japan earthquake Japan February 2010
15 Tasik earthquake Indonesia June 2010
16 Taiwan earthquake Taiwan July 2010
17 Mentawai island tsunami Indonesia October 2010
18 Merapi, Java volcanic
eruption Indonesia
October 2010
19 Nepal earthquake Nepal April 2015
20 Hindukush earthquake Afganisthan October 2015

7. GREEN ECOSYSTEM- LIVING
THINGS
 Algae, flora and fauna,
 Plants and trees
 Insects, bacteria, viruses and fungi
 Earthworm, squirrel, lizard and frog
 Dog, Sheep, fox, monkey and wolf
 Leopard, cheetah, tiger and lion –
Human being
 Algae, small fish, big fish (whale) and
Birds (hawk, vulture)
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8. GREEN ECOSYSTEM- NON
LIVING THINGS
 Air
 Soil
 Water
 Climate
 Rain
 Forest
 Temperature
SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
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9. FOOD CHAIN/PYRAMID
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10. FROG LIFE CYCLE
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11. ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE
 Man mad activities
 Population explosion
 Greedy and money
 Unhealthy conflicts (Man - Elephant)
 Deforestation
 Food scarcity
 Energy demand
 Over drawing of water
 Pollution
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12. Wastewater Problems
 Water
 Water bodies
 Essential Elements – Na+, K+, Ca++ , Mg++, Cu++
 Toxic Elements – Pb (II), Cd (II), Hg (II), As (III)
 Essential Organics – Carbohydrates, proteins
 Toxic Organics – Industrial & Domestic waste
(Textile Dyes, Tannery waste, dairy waste, PAH etc)
 Bio degradable & Non bio degradable wastes
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13. Contaminants
13
Sl.
No
Element/
Comp
Limit
(ppm)
Source Effect
1 Arsenic(III) 0.05 Nail
Polish
Carcinogen
2 Mercury(II) 0.001 Catalyst Paralysis
3 Lead(II) 0.05 Plating Mental
Retardation
4 Cadmium(II) 0.05 Cigars Liver Cancer
5 E.Coli - Water Waterborne
Diseases
6 Reactive
Yellow
10 Azo dyes Skin Cancer

14. Mercury Pollution
 Sources - Effluents from Chlor-alkali plants,
pharmaceutical, pulp, paint, plastic industries,
pesticides, fungicidal spray etc.
 Methanogenic bacteria,
 Species – Hg (0), Hg(I), Hg(II), CH3Hg(I)
(CH3)2 Hg
 Limit - US EPA - 0.002 mg/L
Indian Standard - 0.001 mg/L 14

15. Case Studies
1. “Minamata disease” in Japan-1953
45 people died due to eating of mercury
contaminated fish (27-102 ppm) from Minamata
bay-Genetic defects in 20 babies
Mercury source - effluent from vinyl chloride
plant, Minamata chemical company-HgCl2
catalyst
2. In Iraq in 1972, 450 villagers died after eating
wheat dusted with mercury containing
pesticide.
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16. Chromium (VI) Pollution
 Sources - electroplating, fertilisers, paints,
photography, cement, dyeing smelting industries,
mining, etc.,
 Effluent – Cr (VI) 15-70 ppm
 Chromium (III) – Less toxic
 Limit as per USEPA and IS - only 0.05 ppm
 Carcinogenic- So effluent must be treated before
discharge.
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17. Lead (II) Pollution
 Sources - electroplating, paints, smelters, mining etc.,
 Effluent – Pb (II) 100 - 200 ppm.
 Limit - USEPA and IS - 0.05 ppm.
 Mental retardation [Encephalopathy (brain disease)],
Kidney, Nerve problems - So effluent must be treated
before discharge.
 Babies – Active, Disorder(!) - pencil, vessels
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18. Cadmium (II) Pollution
 Sources - electroplating, paints, smelters, mining etc.,
 Effluent - Pb(II) 10 - 500 ppm.
 Limit - USEPA and IS - 0.01 ppm.
 Kidney, lever cancer
 Itai itai disease
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19. Dyes Pollution
 Textiles, Food, Paper & pulp, Ink,
Pharmaceuticals
 Excess in to water
 Allergy, skin cancer, brain tumor,
thyroid cancer, hypersensitivity,
immune system problem
 Eg. Brilliant blue, Indigo. Reactive
yellow, Azo dyes
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20. Soil Pollution
 Sources - Fertilisers, Pesticides, Plastics, Pb(II),
inorganic & organic contaminants.
 Excess Fertilisers – ammonium sulphate, potassium
nitrate
 High yield
 Leads to acidic/basic soil – pH – excess anion/cation
 Unfit for cultivation
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21. DEGRADABLE MATERIALs
• Except plastics, pesticides, glass,
metals and a few more – Non
biodegradable
• All others are biodegradable – Plants,
vegetables, animals, human beings,
paper etc.
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22. Plastics & Pesticides
 Non bio degradable.
 Over 1,000,000 seabirds and marine mammals die each year
from plastic ingestion of entanglement.
 Bio magnification.
 Water/soil/agriculture/air contamination
 Cancer, Reproductive effects, Fertility.
 Plastic incineration, dioxin
 PLASTIC FREE WORLD
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23. An Individual Role
How can an individual help the
environment?
By doing/helping small actions
Creating awareness among
family members and public.
To have a sustainable
environment for next
generation 23

24. SEGREGATION OF WASTE
 Domestic waste
 Vegetable and animal waste
 Industrial waste
 Non biodegradable waste
 Bio Medical waste (used cotton,
syringe, glass, bandage cloth etc.)
 Recyclable waste (Metals, glass etc.)
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25. SEGREGATION OF WASTE
(Cont)
 IIT Madras
 IGKAR Kalpakkam
 Coimbatore Apartments
 Coimbatore Corporation announcement
 In our Apartment
 GREEN BAG – Vegetable & animal
waste
 RED BAG – Biomedical waste
 BLUE BAG – Non Biodegradables like
plastics
 Different colour Bags for metals, glass
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26. TYPICAL COLLECTION
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27. Treatment
 Highly Imperative to treat the waste to prevent the
diseases and health problems.
 Prevention better than curing.
 Safety & Nation First and then Profit & Benefit.
 People Health & Environment important.
 So judicial waste management into wealth prime
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28. 5 Rs
 Removal of impurity
 Recovery of valuable material
 Regeneration of material used to remove impurity
(adsorbent)
 Recycling of adsorbent (eg Carbon) (many times)
 Reuse of recovered valuable material (Ag, Au, Pb, Cd,
Hg, Cr and even organics)
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29. Tommy Lasorda
[USA Base Ball Player]
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE IMPOSSIBLE
&
THE POSSIBLE
IS
DETERMINATION

30. Thank You
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