ICT enabled agriculture for sustainable rural economy

ICT Enabled Agriculture for Sustainable Rural Economy
G R Sinha, PhD
IEEE Senior Member, ACM Distinguished Speaker, IEEE Distinguished Speaker
Professor, Myanmar Institute of Information Technology Mandalay
Recipient of ISTE National Award, TCS Award, IEI Award, Expert Engineer Award, Young Engineer Award, Young Scientist Award
Email: drgrsinha@ieee.org, ganeshsinha@acm.com, gr_sinha@miit.edu.mm

 Sustainable Development, ICT and Sustainable Rural Economy
 How ICT Can help in Agriculture?
 How can We help through Research?
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Lecture Outline
ICT Enabled Agriculture for Sustainable Rural Economy G R Sinha UCS Magway July 29, 2019

About ACM
 ACM, the Association for Computing Machinery (www.acm.org), is the premier global community of computing professionals
and students with nearly 100,000 members in more than 170 countries interacting with more than 2 million computing
professionals worldwide.
 OUR MISSION: We help computing professionals to be their best and most creative. We connect them to their peers, to what
the latest developments, and inspire them to advance the profession and make a positive impact on society.
 OUR VISION: We see a world where computing helps solve tomorrow’s problems – where we use our knowledge and skills to
advance the computing profession and make a positive social impact throughout the world.

The Distinguished Speakers Program
is made possible by
For additional information, please visit http://dsp.acm.org/

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Sustainable Development, ICT and Sustainable Rural Economy

 ICT (Information & Communications Technology) includes Telecommunication, Computers,
Phones etc. for access, storage, transmission, and manipulation of information.
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ICT
Source: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/424509/ICT-
ministry-plans-to-promote-high-quality-products

 Economy deals with social science that studies the factors determining the production,
distribution and consumption of goods and services, to improve the living conditions of
people in their everyday life ( https://econation.co.nz/sustainable-economy/).
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Sustainable Economy

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Source: https://assets.weforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/SDGs7.png
Sustainable Growth

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Role of ICT
Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325967200_ASPECTS_OF_WoT_CONTRIBUTION_TO_SUSTAINABLE_AGRICULTURAL_PRODUCTION/figures?lo=1

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How ICT Can help in Agriculture?

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 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djovMQka6Xk (ICT for Agri Pvt. Ltd.mp4)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE2k6sjcO0k (DigiAg™ Agriculture Platform.mp4)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmRTbi5wRwg ( Myanmar farmers tell their stories
Improving livelihoods through rice seed production.mp4)
Few Videos

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 ICTs have been a significant contributor to growth and socio-economic development.
 Integration of ICTs has reduced information and transaction costs, improved service
delivery, created new jobs, generated new revenue streams and saved resources.
 Supermarkets and agricultural product buyers engage in the chain through ICTs, where the
technology is used by farmers’ cooperatives, international organizations, civil society and
governments.
 ICTs have been transforming businesses and farming sectors.
 People are informed and communicated at significantly lower costs.
 Digital technologies promote efficiency and inclusion.
Role of ICTs

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 Impact on efficiency, resilience and inclusion in developed economies innovations.
 Internet of Things, Cloud Computing and Big Data are revolutionizing agriculture.
 Remote sensors collect data on soil moisture, temperature, crop growth and livestock
feed levels, enabling farmers to achieve better yields by optimizing crop management
and reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and water.
 Decision-making tools that promote agricultural productivity.
 ICTs can promote learning, which in turn can facilitate technology adoption among
farmers, but can also revolutionize early warning systems through better quality data and
analysis.
Contd..

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 Policymakers can also benefit from increased information sharing, which allows them to
gather a more complete overview of the situation on the ground.
 Developing an ICT application to reduce food waste at household level.
 ‘SAVE FOOD-SAFE FUTURE’ to raise awareness and help reduce food waste at the
household level.
 Application can be developed on Reduction of Food Loss and Waste and will enable
consumers to plan and manage their food purchasing and food use.
 Food waste can be avoided by providing useful tips or links to outsourced recipes or
donation points.
Recommendations

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 Identifying a gap for action by case studies.
 Increasing awareness about the impact of ICTs on agriculture and strengthen the focus
on enabling environment for digital technologies towards agricultural growth and rural
development.
 ICT applications for discussions among farmers, practitioners towards scaling-up the
productivity and reachability.
 Sustainable Agriculture Production Innovation Lab needed- Can develop a network
linking knowledge-sharing communities of practice, such as e-Agriculture and other
local initiatives, extension services, research centers, international organizations to
promote innovative ICT applications based on capacity-building activities.
Contd..

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 Emphasize agriculture as a key component of the digital economy, and continue to
support effective dialogue on the transformational role of ICTs in agriculture.
 Improving market access to farmers, producers, consumers, and traders.
 Changing consumption patterns and contain information that can be used by farmers
when they decide what and how much to produce.
 With increased access to mobile phones, farmers can better plan production and
investments, based on supply-and-demand fundamentals, thus increasing market
efficiency.
Contd..

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 Climate change adaptation and early warning: Effects of climate change are impacting
agriculture, affecting food security and nutrition.
 ICT-based tools related to climate change issues and early warning can assist in reducing
the risks.
 Foodborne illnesses pose a serious health threat that can also be addressed.
 Internet based electronic service facilitates certification for export of organic products.
Contd..

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 Financial inclusion--Transfers and payments, credit, savings, and insurance are examples of
financial services that are offered through ICTs.
 Increasing productivity growth and improving the sustainable use of land, water and
biodiversity resources.
 Precision application of agro-chemicals can reduce the amounts of pesticides and
fertilizers used, while at the same time increasing yields and reducing possible negative
side-effects on soil and water.
 Better weather and market data enables more effective farm production decisions,
reducing waste and loss on the farm.
Contd..

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 Research on Internet of Things applications needed for Agriculture applications.
 ICT systems for site-specific applications of fertilizer, pesticides and water; Controlled
Traffic Farming; automated technologies for precision livestock farming and indoor
climate control; and automated quality control systems to improve quality, safety and
traceability of food and feed.
Contd..

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Soil Data Can Be Collected and
Disseminated by ICT
Contd..
Public-Private Partnerships
Sustainable Services for Rural People
Collaborative Effort using ICT

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 Understanding current trends in ICTs that can enhance agricultural strategies and their
implementations.
 Designing, implementing, and evaluating appropriate and sustainable ICT components of
agricultural projects.
 Building effective partnerships—public and private—to promote ICT access and
innovation for agriculture.
Contd..

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 Improve and expand rural infrastructure by focusing on public shared access facilities,
with special focus on wireless technologies and electrical power sources.
 Invest in and promote shared access for rural communities.
 Promote and support the development of local content in local languages.
 Local language content will improve the accessibility and inclusiveness of ICT
applications.
 It can also serve as an opportunity to capture and record local practices and knowledge.
 Promote and facilitate the establishment of public-private partnerships in the
implementation of rural projects.
Contd..

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 Policies makers must adopt policies that provide incentives to smallholders to practice
sustainable agriculture.
 Must pave the roads to create appropriate technical infrastructure including building
Institutional complexes and technical information centers, establishing appropriate
educational & technical colleges and extension resources.
 Policies that provide; adequate energy, water supplies, transportation systems, and ports.
Establish Incentive and balanced policy to promote imports & exports.
 An agricultural sector encompasses soft and hard sciences. Therefore researchers must
collaborate in their efforts to bring about comprehensives advancements in agricultural
sustainability.
Contd..

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How can We help through Research?

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Research Potential
 Application of remote sensing:
- Soil sensing and Farm classification
- Farm condition assessment
- Mapping of farm and agricultural land characteristics
- Mapping of land management practices
- Compliance monitoring
- Crop health monitoring

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Contd..
 Forestry--Biodiversity, forest, deforestation
 Water resource management
 Habitat analysis
 Environmental assessment
 Pest/disease outbreaks
 Mineral assessment

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Contd..
 http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan_links.php#
 Web mapping service that allows to explore 2D/3D representation of surface of the
earth.
 Especially tailored to view India, that offers high resolution content.
 Developed by ISRO (launched on 12 August 2009 & stable release on 12 August 2015)

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Contd..

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 ERDAS Imagine
 ENVI
 ILWIS
 ArcGIS
 Many others
Remote Sensing Software

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ERDAS Imagine
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tNlNs9DFyoERDAS IMAGINE Complete Remote Sensing and Analysis.mp4
 It provides true value, consolidating remote sensing, photogrammetry, LiDAR analysis, basic vector
analysis, and radar processing into a single product.
 Image analysis, remote sensing, and GIS
 Support for optical panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral imagery, RADAR, and LiDAR data
 High-performance terrain preparation and mosaicking
 A variety of change detection tools
 Ability to convert more than 190 image formats into all major file formats, including GeoTIFF, NITF,
JPEG, JPEG2000 etc.

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 ENVI image analysis software is used by GIS professionals, remote sensing scientists, and image
analysts to extract meaningful information from imagery to make better decisions.
 Find and extract specific objects of interest from all types of imagery with the ENVI Feature
Extraction Module (ENVI FX).
 User-friendly tools enable users to extract features from geospatial imagery based on the object’s
spatial, spectral, and texture characteristics and identify them as objects like vehicles, buildings,
roads, coastlines, rivers, lakes, and fields.
 3D point cloud feature extraction is also available in this module.
ENVI

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Near IR
 Vegetation in NIR band is highly reflective
 Shows veg in various shades of red
 Water appears dark due to absorption

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 Vegetation - shades of red
 Darker red=hardwoods
 Lighter reds = grasslands or sparsely vegetated
 Urban - Cyan blue & light blue
 Soils - Dark to light brown.
 Ice, snow and clouds - White or light Cyan.
Vegetation and Soil Patterns

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 Segmentation is the division of an image into spatially continuous, disjoint and homogeneous
regions, i.e. the objects.
 A type of segmentation that is very common is the multi-resolution segmentation, because of its
ability to deal with the range of scales within a single image.
Segmentation

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Feature Selection
 Unitemporal and Multi-temporal Features
 Features: Texture; First order/second order Statistics; Geostatistics and Fractals
 First order: mean, variance, standard deviation
 Second order: homogeneity, dissimilarity, contrast, correlation, angular moments
 Geostatistics: variogram, correlagram

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Each pixel is constrained to show
membership to a single class.
Each pixel may display multiple
and partial class membership.
Number of outputs for
each spatial unit
Hard (crisp)
classification
Soft (fuzzy)
classification
Veg.
Water
Bare
soil
Hard/Soft Classification

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To Follow a Cycle

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Characterization of Plants and Trees

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Contd..

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Contd..

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 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agriculture, A Report to the G20 Agricultural
Deputies, Prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) with inputs
from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Organization of Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2017.
 ICT in Agriculture, Connecting Smallholders to Knowledge, Networks, and Institutions Report
Number 64605, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank,
2011.
 ICTs, the Internet and Sustainable Development: Towards a new Paradigm © 2010 International
Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Published by the International Institute for Sustainable
Development.
 R. Heather Jaffan, ICT Enable of Agricultural Innovation Systems: Implications Environment,
Population and Food Production, Proceeding of 7th International Conference on ICT in Agriculture,
Food and Environment, Greece, 17-20 September 2015.
References

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Inspiring Equation
E= mc2
E = Excellence m= Motivation c=Commitment
Example: c= 0.5 (half hearted), E= ¼ & c= 2 (doubly committed), E= 4
Thank you, any queries please!

ICT enabled agriculture for sustainable rural economy

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