Anemia of chronic diseases for Lab.students

1. Anemia of Chronic Diseases (ACD)
Iron over load
Parasitic anemia
Anemia in pregnancy
Developed by-Dr.Abdulrazzaq Othman Alagbare
M.D M.S.c C.P - Lecturer of Hematology and Immunohematology
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2. AnemiaofChronicDiseases(ACD)
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 Definition: each anemia developed after chronic disease longer than 3 month
called
 Abbreviation: ACD
 Causes of anemia
1. Infections (Hepatitis HBAs, HCV)
2. Renal failure
3. inflammatory states (RA, TB)
4. and cancers

3. CBC parameters
1. Low: Hb about 9-10 g/dl
2. Normal MCH
3. Low MCV or normal
4. Normal RDW
Blood film study
RBC with normocytic normochromic
appearance
Diagnosis of ACD
1. Each case of ACD investigated partially
2. No diagnostic test
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4. Definition: Excess iron in the body accumulated and storage in different
organs
Iron overload- hemosiderosis
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what cause?
 Iron overload may damage parenchymal cells of various organs such as
pancreas (diabetes mellitus), liver (cirrhosis), gonads (infertility), and heart
(arrhythmias and heart failure). 4

5. Iron overload- hemosiderosis
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Causes :
1-chronic hyper absorption (Increased iron intake)
2-RBC transfusions (Repeated red cell transfusions )
3- Inherited sideroblastic anemia (inherited abnormal genes)
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6. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)
Hemochromatosis is an excessive deposition of iron in body tissues
caused serious damage to organs (heart, liver).
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Genetic causes
 caused by a mutation of the HFE gene that results in increased
absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract and leads to iron
overload. 6

7. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)
Symptoms
1. Chronic fatigue and weakness
2. Cirrhosis of the liver
3. Hyperpigmentation
4. Diabetes,Impotence, Hair loss
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8. Lab diagnosis- Hemochromatosis & Iron overload
measurement of transferrin saturation is essential for early detection of iron
loading.
 Serum iron Elevated
 Serum ferritin Elevated > 200 ìg/L (women) and 300 ìg/L (men)
 TIBC Normal reference range
 Transferrin saturation Elevated (> 55% for men and > 50%
 Serum hepcidin Low
Transferrin saturation is considered the most useful marker 8

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10.  Mostly mild form of anemia that
develops during the third trimester
in pregnant women with adequate
iron levels
 Mostly not developed in the first
trimester due to hemodiliution,
Lab Finding
1. Hb: < than 11.0g/dl
2. PCV:33%
3. RBC indices: Normal
4. RBC: Morphology- Normal
Anemia of Pregnancy
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11. - The parasitic infection causes many types of anemia may be due to:
- 1-blood loss
- 2-malnutrition
- 3-specfic-organ damage
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Anemia in Parasitic Infections
Parasite Type of anemia
Malaria Occurs hemolytic anemia
Hokworms hypochromic microcytic anemia
Schistosoma occurs hypochromic microcytic anemia due to blood loss. from
intestine, and macrocytic anemia due to cirrhosis of
schistosomiasis.
Amebiasis due to blood loss and malnutrition 11

12. ‫رب‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
‫العالمين‬....‫هذا‬
‫هللا‬ ‫مرضات‬ ‫ابتغاء‬
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