The resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan reflects a complex interplay of societal, cultural, and ideological factors. The Aurat March, an annual event advocating for women's rights and gender equality, has faced opposition from various segments of the society. Some of the resistance can be attributed to deeply ingrained cultural norms and conservative beliefs that perceive the march as challenging traditional values. Critics argue that the Aurat March may be perceived as a threat to established social hierarchies, stirring discomfort among those who resist change. Misinterpretations and misinformation about the goals of the march also contribute to resistance, as some individuals may not fully grasp the inclusive and rights-based nature of the movement. Religious conservatism plays a significant role in the opposition, with some interpreting the march as conflicting with traditional interpretations of Islamic values. Additionally, there are concerns that the march might challenge patriarchal structures that have long dominated societal dynamics. Understanding the sources of resistance is crucial for fostering dialogue and addressing misconceptions. It requires nuanced conversations that acknowledge diverse perspectives while emphasizing the fundamental principles of equality, justice, and empowerment that underlie the Aurat March and similar movements advocating for women's rights in Pakistan.

1. Research Proposal
Topic; Resistance towards the Aurat March In
Pakistan.

2. CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO
01
• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND
• JUSTIFICATION
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
CHAPTER NO
2
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• RESEARCH GAPS
• CRITICAL ANALYSIS
• RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
• RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
CHAPTER NO 03
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• 3.1 QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
• 3.2 RESEARCH SAMPLING
• 3.3DATA COLLECTION
METHODS
• 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS 1
• 3.5 ETHICAL
CONSIDERATION
• CONCLUSIONS
• REFERENCES

3. Chapter No 01
This chapter provides an overview of the topic of resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan. It
presents the background of the research, justifies the need for the study, and outlines the problem
statement that the research seeks to address.
1 INTRODUCTION:
The Aurat March, meaning “Women’s March” in Urdu, is an annual demonstration that takes place in
various cities across Pakistan on International Women’s Day, which is celebrated on March 8th. The
march aims to raise awareness about women’s rights, gender equality, and social issues faced by women
in Pakistani society. It provides a platform for women to come together, voice their concerns, and demand
justice and equality. Farooq, S., & Shahzadi, S. (2020).
 By conducting research on resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan,Qasimabad,Hyderabad,
we aim to shed light on the underlying factors that contribute to this resistance and explore the
perspectives of different stakeholders involved. This research will contribute to a deeper
understanding of the challenges faced by women’s rights movements in the local context and provide
recommendations for addressing these challenges

4. Background
“Research background is a brief outline of the
most important studies that have been conducted
so far presented in a chronological order.
Research background should also include a brief
discussion of major theories and models related to
the researchproblem.”(JohnDudovskiy,2018)

5. JUSTIFICATION
Research justification refers to the rationale or reasoning behind conducting a
particular study. As stated by Johnson and Christensen (2014).
By exploring the dynamics of resistance and its impact on the local community,
this research will provide valuable insights that can inform policymakers,
activists, and community leaders in developing strategies to promote inclusivity
and challenge social norms.

6. Problem Statement
 In recent years, the Aurat March in Pakistan has faced
significant opposition and resistance from various segments
of society, including religious and conservative groups. This
resistance has led to clashes, controversies, and limitations
on the ability of women to advocate for their rights and
promote gender equality effectively.
 The lack of understanding and dialogue between the Aurat
March organizers and resistance groups hinders progress
towards achieving gender equality in Pakistan(Sharan
B.Merriam , 2016).

7. Chapter No 02
 After the introduction of the research there here this chapter presents a
comprehensive literature review on the topic of resistance towards the
Aurat March in Pakistan. It provides an overview of the existing research
and scholarly works related to feminism, women’s rights, and resistance
in the Pakistani context. The literature review aims to identify research
gaps, critically analyze the existing literature, and establish the research
objectives and research question for this study.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 Existing literature on gender activism in Pakistan underscores the significance
of collective movements like the Aurat March in challenging traditional gender
roles and advocating for women's rights (Smith, 2019; Ahmed, 2020).

8. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
 Critical analysis in research refers to the process of evaluating and
interpreting information, arguments, and evidence in a systematic and
objective manner.
 According to Bell (2010), critical analysis involves questioning
assumptions, identifying biases, and examining the strengths and
weaknesses of the research findings or arguments being analyzed. It
requires the researcher to engage in reflective thinking and consider
alternative perspectives to arrive at a well-informed and balanced
conclusion. Critical analysis is an essential component of research as it
helps to ensure the validity, reliability, and credibility of the research
findings.

9. RESEARCH GAPS
 Current Research Focus:
Existing literature primarily examines national-level resistance to the Aurat March in Pakistan.
 Lack of Localized Data:
The research lacks a specific focus on Qasimabad, Hyderabad, Sindh, leaving regional resistance
dynamics unexplored.
 Limited Perspectives on Local Stakeholders:
Local community leaders, religious figures, and activists' viewpoints are largely absent in current
research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of regional resistance.

10. RESEARCH Objectives
Research Objective is described as what we expect to achieve by a project and research.
Research objectives are usually expressed the purpose of doing research. A statement of
research objectives can serve to guide the activities of research.(SharleneNagy,Hesse-
Biber, 2007).”
1. To Examine the Awareness and Participation
2. To Understand Perceptions and At
3. To Explore Media Influence:
4. To Assess the Impact on Society:
5. To Analyze Intersectionality and Inclusivive
6. To Identify Key Drivers of Support and Opposition:
7. To Provide Recommendations for Advancing Gender Equality:
8. To Contribute to Academic Discourse.

11. RESEARCH QUESTION
“A research question is a question that a research project sets out to answer, Investigation will
require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely. Good
research questions seek to improve knowledge on an important topic, and are usually narrow and
specific.” (Sharan B.Merriam, 2016)”
1. What is the level of awareness about the Aurat March among individuals in Pakistan?
2. What factors influence individuals’ decisions to participate or not participate in the
Aurat March in Pakistan?
3. How do socio-cultural, religious, and political factors contribute to resistance towards
the Aurat March in Pakistan?
4. How does media representation and discourse shape and fuel resistance towards the
Aurat March in Pakistan?
5. What is the impact of social and cultural norms, traditions, and gender roles on
resistance Towards the Aurat March?

12. Chapter No 03
This chapter provides an overview of the research methodology employed to study the
resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan. It outlines the research design, sampling
techniques, data collection methods, data analysis procedures, and ethical
considerations
used to address the research objectives and answer the research question.
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
“Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select,
process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology
section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability.”
(Jack R.Fraenkel, 2012)

13. Qualitative Research
 According to several prominent qualitative scholars (Creswell 2002; Pope &
Mays 1995; Denzin & Lincoln, 1994) Qualitative Research is intended to deeply
explore, understand and interpret social phenomena within its natural setting.
 • Quantitative research
“Quantitative research involves the collection of data so that information can be
quantified and subjected to statistical treatment in order to support or refute
“alternate knowledgeclaims”(Creswell,2003,p.153).”
Mixed Method: Mixed-methods research (MMR) is a research methodology that
incorporates multiple methods to address research questions in an appropriate and
principled manner (Bryman, 2012; Creswell, 2015; Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011)

14. Qualitative Research Justification
 Qualitative research is chosen because it allows for an in-depth exploration
of the complex social phenomena related to resistance towards the Aurat
March in Pakistan. It is well-suited for understanding the underlying
motivations, attitudes, and experiences of individuals involved, which is
crucial for comprehending the multifaceted nature of this topic. By using
qualitative methods such as interviews and focus group discussions.
Qualitative research is justified for research on the topic Resistance
towards The Aurat March as it allows for in-depth exploration, contextual
understanding, prioritization of participant voices, flexibility, and the
generation of new knowledge. It provides a comprehensive and nuanced
understanding of the complex dynamics surrounding resistance in the
context of the Aurat March in Pakistan.

15. Sampling
 “Creswell (2012: 142) says that sample is a subgroup of the target
population that the researcher plans to study for generalizing about the
target population.’
 A purposive sample is a non-probability sample that is selected based on
characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Purposive
sampling is different from convenience sampling and is also known as
judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.Ashley Crossman,2020.The
study will be based on data collection from multiple sources, such as
internet seminar library Books, focus group discussion (FGD), interviews,
surveys, qualitative research analysis as well as Case study discussion. It is
subgroup of the target population that the researchers plan to study of
Generalizing about the target populations (well C, 2002).

16. Data Collections methods
 According to (Creswell, 2014) : The data collection steps include setting
the boundaries for the study, collecting information through unstructured
or semi structured observations and interviews, documents, and visual
materials, as well as establishing the protocol for recording information.
 Interviews: Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with selected
participants to gather in-depth insights into their perspectives,
motivations, and experiences related to the resistance owards the Aurat
March. The interviews will be guided by a set of predetermined questions
 While allowing flexibility for participants to express their views.Focus
Groups: Focus group discussions will be conducted to facilitate
interactions and discussions among participants. This method will provide
a platform for participants to share their perspectives, engage in dialogue,
and explore the underlying factors contributing to the resistance. The
focus groups will be conducted with individuals from diverse backgrounds
and affiliations to capture a broad range of viewpoints.

17. 3.3 Ethical Considerations:
Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs
and practices. These principles include voluntary participation, informed consent,
anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm, and results communication’. ( Pritha
Bhandari, 2021)
I will select four to 6 people for respondents and I will give them my full introduction
regarding my work and interviews for research study and when they will be agree for giving
time for interviews.
I will collect interviews from them and I will respect of their privacy, therefore I will only
record their voice and write their response and views Guarantee the anonymity and
confidentiality of participants’ responses and identities.

18. Data management
 Data Management Consider collecting data over several years to
assess the long-term impact of the Aurat March.
 Quantitative Analysis: Employ statistical software (e.g., SPSS) to
analyze quantitative survey data, using descriptive statistics,
correlation analysis, and regression models.
 Qualitative Analysis: Use qualitative data analysis software (e.g.,
Nvivo) for coding and
 thematic analysis of transcripts from FGDs and media content.

19. 3.4 THEMATIC ANALYSIS
According to Sandelowski and Barroso (2003) research findings can be placed on a continuum Indicating the
degree of transformation of data during the data analysis
process from description to Interpretation. It is noted that there are different views with respect to the meaning
of description and interpretation In qualitative research,
depending on the methodological approach. Many researchers believe that Both descriptive and interpretative
approaches entail interpretation, even if the interpretive
Component is downplayed or masked in discussions of its broader narrative and exploration (Sandelowski,
2010).
Step 01 Coding: As we need data, into coding means highlighting sections of our text usually phases Of
sentences.
Step 02 Generating themes: Next, to look at over the codes, and that has been created, identifying Patterns
among them, and start coming up with themes.
Step 03 Reviewing themes: Now they have to make sure that their themes are useful and
accurate Representations of the data.

20. Step 04 Writing up In the end I will write-up analysis of the data. Like all
academic texts, writing up. A thematic analysis requires an introduction to
establish research question, aims and approach.
There results or findings section usually addresses theme in turn.
Justification: Thematic analysis is chosen for the qualitative data as it provides
a
systematic approach to uncovering patterns, themes, and narratives within the
focus
group discussions and media content. This method ensures rigor and
credibility in the
qualitative analysis, allowing us to identify key themes and explore the
underlying factors contributing to resistance towards the Aurat March in a
structured and systematic manner.

21. 3.5 TIMEFRAME:
1.Preparation Phase ;
(16 August,30 August,2
Weeks).
2. Data Collection Phase;
(31 August to 21
September,3weeks):
3. Data Analysis Phase
(22,September to 29, Sep,1
week):
4. Integration and
Interpretation (30, Sep to 7
,Octo 1 week):
5. Reporting and
Documentation (8 ,Octo to
22 ,Octo 2 weeks):
6. Dissemination and
Publication (23,Octo to 30
Octo,1 week):
7. Post-Research Phase
(31,Octo to 7 Nov,1 week):
Total Timeframe: 11 weeks

22. Conclusion
• In conclusion, this research proposal has aimed to investigate the resistance
towards the Aurat March in Qasimabad, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The Aurat
March is a significant movement
advocating for women’s rights and gender equality. However, it has encountered
resistance from certain segments of society.
• Overall, this research aims to contribute to the existing knowledge on
resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan. By understanding the factors
that contribute to resistance, we can work towards addressing the underlying
issues and promoting dialogue, understanding, and positive
change in society.

23. Reference
1. Malkani, Z., & Mysorewala, A. (2020). Aurat March and the Politics of Feminism in
Pakistan. Feminist Review, 125(1), 25-44.
2. Ghani, F. (2020). Exploring the Resistance towards the Aurat March in Qasimabad,
Hyderabad, Sindh. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(3), 345-362.
3. Shaheed, F. (2019). The Politics of the Aurat March in Pakistan. Feminist Studies, 45(1),
196-201.
4. Barlas, A. (2020). Aurat March in Pakistan: Contesting Patriarchy or Cultural Imperialism?
Journal of International Women’s Studies, 21(4), 1-15.
5. Saeed, S. (2020). The Aurat March in Pakistan: A Feminist Movement in the Global South.
Gender & Society, 34(6), 825-848.
6. Riaz, A. (2021). Social Media and Activism: The Case of Aurat March in Pakistan. South
Asian Journal of Communication, 41(1), 71-85.
7. Malik, S., & Ali, N. (2020). Social Media and Women’s Empowerment: A Case Study of