Study Design & Anatomy of Scientific Research - How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion - By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)

1. Study Design
BY
Ibrahim Abdelmonaem
ZMRS TEAM

2. Medical scientific research divides into
Primary research
(1ry source of evidence):
Experimental Causality.
Observational Correlation.
Secondary research
(2ndry source of evidence):
Qualitative Evidence.
Quantitative Evidence.

3. Observational Studies
• Case report
• Case series
Descriptive
• Cohort design
• Case-control design
Analytical
• Cross sectional design
Descriptive or
Analytical

5. Interventional studies
Clinical Trials
I. Randomized Clinical Trials
II. Non Randomized Clinical Trials
Phases

6. Secondary research
• Systematic review
Qualitative Evidence
• Meta Analysis
Quantitative Evidence

8. Other types of research
 Review articles
 Letters to editor
 Correspondence
 Short communications
 Editorials
 Commentaries

9. Anatomy of scientific research
standard composition of scientific research

10. Standard scientific paper parts
 Title page
 Abstract & Key words
 Introduction
 Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 References

11. Title page
 Includes title of paper
 Authors names
I. First author
II. Last author
III. Corresponding author
 Source of funding

12. Abstract and Key words
 Mini article.
 Gives highlights from each section of the paper.
 Describing main concept of manuscript in limited number of words.
 may be structured or not.
 Stands on its own.
 Key words : main identifying words of article paper.

13. Introduction
 Background
 Rationale
 Gaps of previous papers
 Question / hypothesis
 Your approach

14. Methods
 The most important part of research paper
 Determine the research design
 Describe the steps to evolve a research paper
 The part which readers depends on to evaluate quality
 Give enough information to replicate the study

15. Results
 What the data analysis results in !!
 Whether the net result is for or against the hypothesis

16. Discussion
 The most challenging part of the paper.
 Discuss what you find and compare
your results with previous research.

17. Conclusion
 The summary of main finding.
 What is your recommendation about the future research.

18. References
 The source of information you used to build your paper.
 Science is a dynamic process (constructive).

19. How to handle a research paper
 How …….
 To start !!!
 To read !!!
 To assess !!!

20. Thank you