How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education

1. In Research &Ethics
Review of the literature
Supervised by :
Prof. Dina Al Jamal
By Raed Mohammad Al Musili

2. - BASIC ETHICAL - PRINCIPLES
- RESEARCH WITH CHILDREN
- REGULATION OF RESEARCH
In ResearchEthics
- THE VALUE OF A LITERATURE REVIEW
- TYPES OF SOURCES FOR A LITERATURE REVIEW
- STEPS INVOLVED IN A LITERATURE SEARCH
- WAYS TO DO A LITERATURE SEARCH
- DOING A COMPUTER SEARCH
- THE LITERATURE REVIEW REPORT
Review of the literature

5. Ethical principles that all researchers
should be aware of and
apply to their investigations.

6. Three important ethical
questions to ask about harm
in any study are:
1. Could people be harmed (physically or psychologically) during
the study?
2. If so, could the study be conducted in another way to find out
what the researcher wants to know?
3. Is the information that may be obtained from this study so
important that it warrants possible harm to the participants?

7. Children as research subjects present
problems for researchers that are
different from those of adult subjects.
Children are more vulnerable, have fewer
legal rights, and often do not understand
the meaning of informed consent.
Research with Children

8. REGULATION OF RESEARCH:
Before any research involving human beings can be
conducted at an institution that receives federal funds,
it must be reviewed by an institutional review
board (IRB) at the institution.
The federal agency that has the major responsibility
for establishing the guidelines for research studies
that involve human subjects is the Department of
Health and Human Services.

10. Examples of Unethical Research Practices
professors can require
students to participate in
research projects in order
to pass a course—is one
example of an unethical
practice that sometimes
occurs.

13. INTRODUCTION
The review of literature is a summary of all the reviews from various research literatures
related to the current study carried out by a researcher
It helps to discover what is already known about the research problem and what
more has to be done.

14. A literature review helps researchers
learn what others have written about a
topic.
A detailed literature review is often
required of master’s and doctoral
students when they design a thesis.
The Value of a Review

16. Sources of Review of Literature
A primary Source is a literature resource of a study written by the original researcher.
It is research publication written by the person or people who conducted the research.
Examples: Research Articles, Personal Diary, hand
written records and reports, etc.
Secondary source research documents are description of studies
prepared by someone other than the original researcher.
Example : Publications such as textbooks, magazine articles,
book reviews, commentaries, encyclopedias
TERTIARY SOURCE: These are excellent sources that can provide
general background information to help narrow or broaden the focus of a topic.
Examples Textbooks Dictionaries Encyclopedias Handbooks
General references are the sources researchers often refer to first. Most general references are either indexes, which
list the author, title, and place of publication of articles and other materials, or abstracts

17. Characteristics of a Good Quality Review of Literature
- Must be comprehensive.
- It should include up-to-date references.
- It should be systemic.
- It should be reproducible.
- It should be free from bias.
- It should be well written.
- It should be in the form of sum of its parts.
- It should be clearly searched and selected.
- Accurate references should be given in the review.

18. Steps Involved in a Literature Search
1. Define the research problem as precisely as
possible.
2. Look at relevant secondary sources.
3. Select and peruse one or two appropriate
general reference works.
4. Formulate search terms (key words or
phrases) pertinent to the problem or question
of interest.
5. Search the general references for relevant
primary sources.
6. Obtain and read relevant primary sources, and
note and summarize key points in the sources.

20. Electronic Sources
Computer-assisted literature search has revolutionized the
review of literature. These searches, however, for a variety of
reasons may not provide the desired references.
Electronic literature search through web may be very useful, but
sometimes it can be time consuming & unpredictable because
there are many website & web pages that can lead to information
overload & confusion.
Example :
Yahoo (www.yahoosearch.com)
Google (www.google.com)
Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE),
Resources in Education (RIE)

21. Advantages of Searching the World Wide Web
Currency:
Access to a wide variety of materials:
Varied formats:
Immediacy
Disadvantages of Searching the World Wide
Web
Disorganization:
Lack (sometimes) of credibility:
Uncertain reliability:
Ethical violations:
Undue reliance:

22. THE LITERATURE REVIEW REPORT
The literature review report consists of an
introduction, the body of the review, a
summary, the researcher’s conclusions,
and a bibliography.
When a researcher does a meta-analysis, he or
she averages the results of a group of selected
studies to get an overall index of outcome or relationship.
A literature review should include a search for relevant meta-
analysis reports, as well as individual studies.