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1. Subject: Physiology
Roll Number : 16251514-014
Topic: Pituitary Gland and Functions
of its hormones

2. Anatomy of pituitary gland
 It is also called as hypophysis or master gland because
it controls /influences all other endocrine glands.
 Location- it is located at the base of the brain near to
the optic nerves. It attach to the hypothalamus.
 Structure- it is pea sized gland which weigh about 0.5
to 1 gram and 1-1.3 cm in diameter.
 Anterior lobe contain about 75% of the total pituitary
gland
 Posterior lobe contain 25% of its part

3. Function of pituitary gland
• It produce number of hormones
 Each of these hormones affect the specific part of body
(organ or tissue)
 They control most of the function of endocrine gland
so it is called master gland
 the pituitary is controlled in large part by the
hypothalamus, a region of the brain that lies just above
the pituitary
 By detecting the levels of hormones produced by
glands under the pituitary's control (target glands),

4. Diagram :

5.  Based on the origin, the pituitary is further
divided into two lobes
1. Adenohypophysis/ anterior pituitary
2. Neurohypophysis/ posterior pituitary
 Posterior pituitary-
It develops from the ventricles and it secretary
cells are called as pituicytes.
It secrete two hormones –
 1) Antidiuretic(ADH)
2) Oxytocin or pitocin hormones

6. Pituatory gland

7. Antidiuretic(ADH)
• It is the water retaining hormones.
 It stimulus the water reabsorption by distal and
collecting tubules and reduce the water loss in urine.
 Hypo secretion of this hormones leads to diuresis(
abnormally large urine volume) and cause diabetes
insipidus.
 Hyper secretion of this hormones leads to antidiuresis
(small urine volume).

8. Oxytoxin
 It involve in milk ejection
 It is also called as birth hormones.
 It contracts the uterine muscle during child birth and
ejection of the milk from breast during lactation.

9. Anterior pituitary gland :
• It is connected with a hypothalamus by a portal
system of blood vessel.
 It secrete hormones which are either polypeptides,
proteins and glycoprotein's.
• It secretory cells are of two types:
• 1) acidophils and 2) Basophils.
 The acidophiles secrete somatotropin hormones(STH)
and prolactin.
 The basophile secrete TSH, FSH, LH and ACTH.

10. Anterior pituitary gland :

11. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
It perform different function in male and female the
sex organs to produce sex hormones
( testosterone and estrogen)
In Male :
It acts in Sertoli cell to stimulate sperm production
Sertoli cell are present in testes
FSH acts on them.
It stimulate the testes to produce sperm
 In Female : the ovaries to produce eggs, and stimulate
the formation of layer on ovum

12. (LH) Leutinizing Hormones:
 In Female :
It removes follicle layer and cause ovulation
• In Men :
It is present in testes and acts on the laydig cells
and form testosterone

13. ACTH (Adernocorticle trophic
hormones)
 It stimulate the production and release of cortisol from
adrenal cortex
 Adrenal gland is of two types :
1. Adrenal medulla (It secrete Adrenaline hormone)
2. Adrenal cortex (It release two type of hormones )
i. Mineralo corticoids()
ii. Glucocortoid (They release Cortical)
cortisol remove Ca+ from bone and dissolve in
blood

14. TSH (Thyroid stimulating harmone)
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone, which stimulates the
thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
1. Triodothyronine
2. Thyroxine
Both of these hormones maintain metabolism and
also control it
GH(growth harmones)
• It stimulate body growth
• No hormones release
• Directly act on body

15.  Intermediate lobe-
 It secretes one hormones known as intermedin or
melanocytes stimulating hormones (MSH).
 It increases the pigmentation or darkening of the skins
in many animals such as fish, amphibian but no role
man.

16. References
 Rastogy, V. B. (2007).I.S.C Biology for Class Xii. Vol II.
 Piyush printer publisher pvt. Ltd: New Delhi.
 Retrieved on 25th of March from
http://www.answers.com/topic/graafian-follicle
 Retrieved on 24th of March from
http://www.umm.edu/endocrin/pitgland.htm

17. 😇Thank you