1. Class 10 Physics (cbse)By
Dinesh Kumar
Cambridge International School (C0-Ed)Jalandhar Punjab
2. Electric Charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a
force when placed near to another body. There are two types of electric charges;
positive and negative (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively).
4. Additivity of Electric Charge
Let us consider a system of charges containing three point charges with magnitude q1, q2 q3 to qn. In such a
system, the total charge of the system can be obtained by algebraically adding the three charges.
Conservation of Electric Charge
According to the principle of conservation of charges, the charges are neither created nor destroyed; they are only
transferred from one body to the other.
Quantization of Electric Charge
According to the principle of quantization of electric charge, all the free charges are integral multiples of a basic
predefined unit which we denote by e. Thus, the charge possessed by a system can be given as,
Where n is any integer (zero, a positive or a negative number) and e is the basic unit of charge, that is, the charge
carried by an electron or a proton. The value of e is 1.6 × 10-19C.
7. An electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point or
region. An electric current is said to exist when there is a net flow of electric
charge through a region. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by
electrons moving through a wire. Ammeter is the instrument used to
measure the current
13. Potential
An electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit of charge from a
infinity to a specific point inside the field without producing an acceleration.
Typically, the reference point is the point at infinity, although any point can be used.
its SI unit is joule per coulomb i.e Volts.
14. Potential difference
The electrical potential difference is defined as the
amount of work done to carrying a unit charge from
one point to another in an electric field. In other
words, the potential difference is defined as
the difference in the electric potential of the two
charged bodies. Voltmeter is used to measure potential
difference
15. How to connect voltmeter and
ammeter
A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring
electrical potential difference between two points in
an electric circuit. ... A voltmeter is connected in
parallel with a device to measure its voltage, while
an ammeter is connected in series with a device to
measure its current.
16. Ohm’s Law
Ohm's law states that if Physical conditions remain
same the electrical current (I) flowing in an circuit is
proportional to the voltage (V). Therefore, if the voltage
is increased, the current will increase provided the
resistance of the circuit does not change.
Vα I
V=R I’ where R is constant and called Resistance. Its si
unit is Ohm and symbol is Ώ.
