This presentation guides you through the critical points one needs to consider to achieve real-time voice and video virtualized network functionality in NFV.

1. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Achieving Real-time
Voice and Video
Virtualized Network
Functionality in NFV
October 2015

2. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2
Agenda
Real-time applications vs.
web-based apps
Migration from COTS to NFV
Sources of latency in the
virtual environment
Media processing
applications in VoLTE/IMS
KPIs for real-time
management

3. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3
Signalling
Media
Signalling
Media
Real-time and Web Applications Are Not the Same
Web Request
Delays of up to a second can be acceptable to maintain
users train of thought - Nielson
Servers can send progress responses to maintain user
connection
Loss experienced in 6% of all HTTP responses - Google
User expectation
Request
Response
Real-time Multimedia Applications
Bounded - packet delay budget
LTE: <200ms target PDB for conversational
voice
Approaching 1 second:
Stream artifacts become noticeable
Intolerable effect on call quality

4. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4
Monetizing a Millisecond
What’s the value of a
millisecond?
Enterprise cloud-based
trading applications
Better performance for high
stakes mission critical
enterprise applications
First syllable clipping effects
can have devastating impact
on the transaction
Clipping < 64msec
Dropped packets < 0.2%
of active voice packets
“Ten million
shares - now!”
“Got it!”
“..million shares
- now!”

5. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5
5G Enabled Services
Low latency services
Tactile internet
Autonomous driving
Multimedia video calls
Gaming
Virtual/augmented reality
Source: GSMA Intelligence

6. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6
The Migration From COTS to NFV
COTS to VM
Sharing the same hardware across multiple virtual machines
Real-time media applications need a reliable clock source and in COTS the use the hardware real-
time clock
Multiple VM hypervisors have differences like schedulers that effect real-time applications
Extensions for low latency applications
Shared machine instances
Resource/scheduling contention increases work load latency with the addition of each VM
Performance unpredictable - noisy neighbours
Number of hosted VMs dynamic – impacts VNF performance
COTS
Virtual
Machine
Cloud NFV

7. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7
The Migration from COTS to NFV
VM to Cloud
Deployment challenges across third party cloud platforms
Varying local rules and policies
Customization restrictions limit latency and performance tuning
Licensing entitlement and monetization for various business models
Usage, subscription, pay-as-you-go
COTS
Virtual
Machine
Cloud NFV

8. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8
The Migration from COTS to NFV
Cloud to NFV
Standards maturity and compliance key to interoperability
Possibility of application specific management of service
quality and reliability
Different levels of orchestration and interoperability
Network Services , VNF and Infrastructure
Increased automation
Proactive , Self-Healing capabilities
COTS
Virtual
Machine
Cloud NFV

9. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9
Latency In The Virtual Environment
Causes of Latency and
Packet Delay
Resource contention, multiple VMs
sharing
Network IO virtualization overheads
CPU virtualization overheads
Solutions for Low Latency
Pass through (direct) access to
resources – SR-IOV
Bypass or tune virtualization
Over provision
Allocate 100% CPU and memory
Remove power management
Results in issues for NFV…
Standards based access to virtualization features
Trade offs to improve latency reduce flexibility/elasticity
Added cost of over provision

10. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10
• Relieve network congestion and improve service reliability
• Allow horizontal scaling to reduce latency on individual nodes
• Masks underlying virtualized infrastructure
Scaling Web Applications
Web
Services
Applications
IP Traffic
Modern IP Networks are CONGESTED
Congestion
Spots
Database
Load
Balancers

11. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11
Media
Devices
Media
Servers
Media
Broker
Applications
MRB
App
Server
App
Server
Media server control
Media server control
Media
MRF MRF MRF
GW SBC WebRTCPBX
Media Resource Broker
Media Resource Broker
Standardized media control element
Provides media server scaling and redundancy
Handles media control signaling
Optional bearer handling
Typically stateful
Management of underlying media server
resources
Aggregation, failure recovery, capacity distribution, etc.
Scales out MRF capacity without the application being aware
Allows applications to see virtualized environment as single
entity
No modification to application – does all the heavy lifting
Standards based
RFC 6917, 3GPP TS 23.218
MRB

12. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12
Media
Devices
Media
Servers
Media
Broker
Applications
MRB
App
Server
App
Server
Media server control
Media server control
Media
MRF MRF MRF
GW SBC WebRTCPBX
Media Resource Function
Media Resource Function
Processes and manipulates media streams
in IMS and VoLTE networks
Typical uses
Media mixing/routing
Tones, DTMF
Conference, IVR
Transcode/Transrate/Transsize
WebRTC anchor
Standards
GSMA – IR.92, IR.94
MRB

13. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13
Information Availability is Key
KPI inputs to orchestration layers
VNF Life Cycle Management
Scaling up/down, in/out
Automatic , real-time service scenarios
Ensure continuous service quality on-demand. (i.e. usage burst)
Frees up people making capacity planning decisions
Real-time analytics for developing predictive self
organizing and self healing policy rules
SLA adherence
Proactive service quality policies
Frequency, scope (per session, aggregate) of KPIs
Clash for control
Contention avoidance between high availability features and
virtual environment resiliency
Ve-Vnfm
EM
VNF
Transcoding
VNF
MRF
VNF
MRB
NFVI
OSS/BSS
VNF
Manager

14. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14
Information Availability is Key
EM
VNF
Transcoding
VNF
MRF
VNF
MRB
OSS/BSS
• Port stats:
Total/Used/Free
• IVR Port stats
• Media bridging statistics
• Video codec utilization
per activity
• CPU utilization
• Call attempts
• Dropped calls
• Resource utilization
• Media sessions
• Conference activity
• Network
• RTP sessions
• Signaling sessions
Application level KPIs
• Runtime information
• Events
• Configuration changes
• Jitter
• Latency (PDB)
• Dropped packets
• RTD
• MOS/VMOS
• Video blockiness
• Frame slips
Service level KPIs
Ve-Vnfm
• Downscale with care; apply heuristics for graceful draining of sessions while conserving
continuity for endpoints
• Report KPIs that facilitate OSS/BSS to construct analytics and policies rules for effective
service management and SLA adherence
NFVI

15. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15
Media Processing Automation
Virtualization Layer
EM
NFV Mgmt. & Orchestration (MANO)OSS/BSS
Composite MRF VNF
VNF
Manager
NFV Orchestration
Virtualized
Infrastructure
Manager (VIM)
Nova
Ironic
Keystone
Glance
Neutron
Swift
Cinder
Heat
CeilometerHorizon
HOT
MRB
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRF
VNFc
MRB
VNFc
Stack 1A
Stack 1B
Stack 2A
Stack 2B
Stack 3A
Stack 3B
Catalog
Build stack
• Connectivity
• Scaling
relationship
• Metrics
• licensing
Elastic scale
• Instance
added
•Destroy Stack
•Release
licenses
KPIs forwarded
to VNFM

16. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16
NFV Guiding Principles
Virtualized Network Function (VNF) automation, scalability
and programmability are not “nice to haves” rather “must
have” goals
Software modularity
Critical to optimize VNF application performance and scalability and
realize the full potential of a virtualized environment
Architectural flexibility
Software architected to foster technology advancements at the
Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
Virtual machines to container technology
NFV and SDN are inextricably linked
Integrating functionality in the VNFs that can impact what’s
occurring in the packet forwarding plane

17. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17
Suggested Reading
Dialogic Cloud Ready Solutions
http://bit.ly/1K2jiYH
NFV Applications – Key Considerations for Profitability
http://bit.ly/1Mp2Y6i

18. COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL © COPYRIGHT 2013 DIALOGIC INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18
Dialogic and Network Fuel among others as well as related logos, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Dialogic Inc. and all companies controlling, controlled
by, or under common control with Dialogic Inc. (“Dialogic”). The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.
This document discusses one or more open source products, systems and/or releases. Dialogic is not responsible for your decision to use open source in connection with
Dialogic products (including without limitation those referred to herein), nor is Dialogic responsible for any present or future effects such usage might have, including
without limitation effects on your products, your business, or your intellectual property rights.
07/15
dialogic.com