summer training presentation

1. A
PRACTICAL TRAINING PRESENTATION
ON
NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY
Submitted in the practical fulfillment of the award of Bachelor Of Technology
(Rajasthan Technical University, Kota)
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Session:2019-20
SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Annapurna Bhargava SUBMITTED BY: Deepak Singh Chauhan
Professor 16/270,E2,7th Semester

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
 ABOUT RAILWAY POWER HOUSE
 CONTROL OF POWER HOUSE
 TRAIN AND LIGHTING SYSTEM
 REFRIGENRATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN
TRAIN

3. Introduction Of Indian Railway
 Indian Railways (IR) is India's national railway system operated by
the Ministry of Railways. It manages the fourth largest railway network
in the world by size, with a route length of 67,368-kilometre (41,861 mi)
and total track length of 121,407-kilometre (75,439 mi) as of March
2017. Routes are electrified with 25 kV AC electric traction while thirty
33% of them are double or multi-tracked.[

4. North -Western Railway
North -Western Railway is the second largest zone of Indian railway. Its head quarter is in
Mumbai at church gate. It undertakers the Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and some part of
M.P & U.P. The total length of route in north -western railway has reached approximate 10,000
Km. The western offer a long travel of 100 years.
North-Western Railway is also divided into eight divisions which are as follows:-
•Ratlam
•Rajkot
•Ajmer
•Jaipur
•Bharnagar
•Kota
•Bombay
•Baroda

5. Railway Power House
Railway Power House is situated at “Nagara Ajmer“. In 1922 two major power plants was
established in India by British Govt. One is Ajmer and second is Dahod (Baroda). At that time,
Ajmer power house was a Thermal Power Station and therefore it is still known as Power
House.
In this year a 33 KV feeder is given to the power house from Rajasthan state electricity board
[R.S.E.B] and a three 500 KVA D.G. SET were also installed in this year. In 1988-89
constructions for the installation of 1750 KVA D.G. SET was started. In 1988-90 a modernization
was done. In which some modern oil circuit breaker[O.C.B] were installed. This power house
supplies the electrical energy to different parts of Ajmer division with the rate of 4.5 Lakh Unit
/month.

6. Classification Of Railway Power House
Railway Power House can be broadly classified into three parts:-
 Electrical power house
 Electrical repair shop
 Mains and office
• Yard
• Control room
• 1750 K.V.A D.G. set room

11. Equipment Used In Railway Power House Substations
 LIGHTING ARRESTOR
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 RELAY
 INSULATOR

12. Lightning Arresters :
 The most common device used for protection of the power system against
high voltage surge is the surge diverter which divert the incoming high
voltage wave to earth. Such a diverter alternatively called lightening arrester

13. Circuit Breaker :
 Circuit Breaker is one of the most important equipment in the power system.It has ability
to close a circuit or break a circuit during maintenance work or where there fault in a
system.
 Circuit Breaker is capable of making and breaking an electrical circuit under normal and
abnormal condition.
Major types of circuit breaker –
 Air blast CB
 Oil CB
 Vacuum CB
 SF6 CB

14. Current Transformer :
 A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to
measure alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its secondary
which is proportional to the current in its primary.

15. Potential Transformer :
 Potential transformer which step down the voltage at system to sufficiently low
values, are necessary on every power system for –
 Indicator of voltage condition
 Metering of supply for exchange of energy
 Relaying and synchronizing

16. Relay :
 A relay is the device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of
circuit breaker to isolates the defective element from the rest of the system
 Buchholz relay
 Over current relay
 Earth current relay

17. INSULATOR :
 The insulator play one of the key roles in provision of safe transmission of
electric energy and minimization of energy loss.
 Rod insulator - to be used as rotary insulating elements ,supporting conductor
lines and outside plant disconnectors, and as a part of bus rod support.
 Line post insulator - to be used at high voltage power transmission line electric
distribution plant.

18. Control Room Of Power House
A Control Room is the most important part of any sub station. In Railway Power House,
Control Room is situated between yard and 1750 KW D.G. set room.
Control room can be classified into four parts which are as follows :-
 11 KV Control Relay and Distribution Panel.
 500 KVA D.G SETS.
 Diesel Power Station 1750 KW D.G. Set

19.  11 KV Control Relay and Distribution Panel

20.  500 KVA D.G. SETS
There are two D.G. set in Control Room. Capacity of each D.G. set is 500 KVA. The other details
of D.G. set are as follows:
Capacity
Output Volt
Output Current
Connection
Power factor
R.P.M.
Frequency
Phase
500 KVA
415 V
697 A
Star Connected
0.8
1500
50 Hz
3 Phase

21. Whenever supply is not available from R.S.E.B. these D.G. sets can be
started for making local arrangements. If any fault occur during starting of
D.G. sets the indicating light for that fault will glow on A.V.R. panel.

22.  Diesel Power Station 1750 KW D.G. Set
 Diesel Power station is the most
important part of Railway Power
House
 when R.S.E.B. supply is failure due
to any reason then this set is used
to feed the supply to the Loco
workshop and Carriage and Wagon
shop.

23. This power station is installed here due to its following advantages –
•Diesel is used as a fuel in this plant
which is easily available in Ajmer as
compared to coal.
•The design & installation of this
plant is very simple.
•The space requirement for this plant
is less.
•Less staff is required to operate this
plant because many functions are
controlled by panel board.

24. Carriage And Wagon Shop
Carriage and Wagon Shop is one of the most important workshop of the western
railway. Here the poll of the meter gauge and board gauge coaches of carried out
even the repairing and over hauling of the coaches of tourism trains like palace
on wheel & royal oriented luxury of western railway express is carried out these
are most important and costly trains here poll of MG & BG wagons are also
carried out.
. In carriage and wagon shop, the electrical repairing of the coaches is done
in following department
 Train lighting
 R.A.C. section
 Carriage motor

25. Types of Train
Lighting System
Self Generation
Mid-On-
Generation(MOG)
End-On-
Generation(EOG)
Train Lighting System

26. Train Lighting System
On the basis of generation following train lightning system are used :-
1. EOG (End On Generation)
1.1 Generating Voltage 415 V
1.2 Generating Voltage 450V
2. Mid On Generation (MOG)
3 Self Generating System0
3.1 V DC (from Dynamo)
3.2 24 V DC (from Alternator)

27. 1. End On Generation
In this type of system electricity is generated in power car instead of coach. This system
is used in trains having AC coaches like Rajdhani express, Shatabdi express etc. In this
system two power cars are installed on the basis of generating voltage. Two type of
power cars are used
 415 V, 3 Phase AC
 750 V, 3 Phase AC
 In this days 750V, 3 Phase AC system are preferred.
 In 415 V AC capacity of alternator is 160KVA, 220 KVA, 250 KVA etc. while in 750
volt system 500KVA alternator are used.
 This alternator is coupled to 390 BHP. 1500 RPM diesel engine.
 Electricity generation from alternator is given to individual coach from two feeders.
These feeder are provided with overload, earth fault and fuses. Alternator are also
provided with overload, earth leakage, under voltage protection etc.

28. 2. MOG (Mid On Generation)
 This train lightning system is used on small branch lines, hill area. In this system
power car is used in the middle of all coaches therefore it is called as Mid On
Generator. In this trains maximum 13 coaches are used with power car.
 In power car two DG sets of 30 KVA capacity each are used which generates 415
V, 3 f AC diesel engine of 41,43,47BHP 1500RPM air cooled are used.
 Only one alternator is used at a time. Second is used as a stand by for alternator
excitation 24V 320 AH battery and battery charger are given.
 415V generated by alternating is step down to 110 V 3 A f C 50Hz by 30 KVA step
down transformer. This 110 V 3 f is given to bus bar

29. 3. Self Generation System
In self generating coach the apparatus used for generating electricity are known as
generating equipment. In old T/L system dynamo was used but in modified system
brushless alternator are used. Alternator produces AC which is converted into DC
rectifier cum regulator and this DC is given to coach load and battery.
Following alternator are used in coaches .
1. 3 KW , 30 V , 100 AMP Meter Gauge , Non AC Coach
2. 4.5 KW , 120 V , 150 Amp Broad Gauge , Non AC Coach
3. 3 KW , 120 V , 150 Amp Meter Gauge , Non AC Coach
4. 12 KW , 120 V , 100 Amp Meter Gauge , AC Coach
5. 18 KW , 130 V , 133 Amp Broad Gauge , AC Coach
6. 22.75 KW / 25 KW , 130 V Broad Gauge , AC-3 tier Coach

30. RRU / ERRU ( Rectifier Regulated Unit)
To start the fan, light in a Indian rail battery system are used . the o/p of a 3
phase AC of the alternator is change in DC with the help of RRU ( rectifier
regulated unit) and new technical electronic based ERRU are used,
Function of RRU
 AC to DC for battery charging.
 Control the alternator o/p by the field excitation.
 To control the o/p voltage according to o/p current.

31. ELECTRONIC RECTIFIER CUM REGULATOR UNIT (ERRU)
This is Electronic Control is having two numbers IGBTs to control
the field current of the 25 KW Alternator. The out put Voltage can
be set from 125 to 130 Volts DC insteps of 0.5 Volts and the
current can be set from 180 to 212 Amps. as per the
requirements of Railway.
An OVP (Over Voltage Protection) with electronic Control is
used in the Control box to open the field control in case the
control fails or the control components damage to avoid the Over
Voltage Generation which will be harmful for the coach
appliances and maintain fail safe operation.
A display board is provided in the control panel to set the
voltage and current.

32. Battery Set Arrangement :
 Train lighting cells are secondary cells such as “lead acid cell” .In a charged lead
acid cell the positive active material consist of lead peroxide [Pbo2] and the
negative spongy lead [ pb ]. Dilute sulphuric acid [HSo4] serves as a electrolyte
 One battery set consisting 56 cells, 120 Amp-hour capacity is in parallel with the
alternator and feeds electrical loads when the alternator is not generating.
 Fuses are provided for safety against excessive current for each component.
 At a junction box, rotary switches and MCBs are provided to switch ON and OFF
power supply to light/fan and emergency feeding terminals (EFT).

33.  Emergency feeding terminals give electrical power supply to adjoining coach in
emergency through temporary connections (TC).

34. Flow Chart of Self Generating System of Train Lighting

35. Fans used in trains
There may be of three main types of fans i.e. DC fans, A.C. fans, DC / AC
fans. An electric fans is simply an electric motor to which the blades are fixed
so that when the motor of the fan rotates the blades throw the air.
In the train bogies generally two types of fans are used
1. 110 V A.C. fans
2. 24 V D.C. fans

36. Scale of Illumination
Here are the specification of lamp fitted in train
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Night lamp fitting
Cooling fitting gallery
Cooling light passage
Postal van dining
Reading light
Bulbs (BG), Bulbs(MG)
20 Watt.
20 Watt.
30 Watt.
30 Watt.
10 Watt.
110V/ 25 Watt, 24 V/20 Watt.

37. Line Diagram of Train Lighting System :

38. Head On Generation
 750 V DC - light & fan works on 110 V AC
 1500 V DC - light & fan works on 110 V AC
 25 KV AC - light & fan works on 141 V AC

39. Pantograph :
 A pantograph (or "pan") is an apparatus mounted on the roof of an electric train,
tram or electric bus to collect power through contact with an overhead catenary
wire.
 They are provided with steel stripes for current collection .
 The raising and lowering of pantograph is by means of pneumatically operated
servomotor.
 Used for suitable operation up to 140 km/hr.

40. REFRIGENRATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM(R.A.C)

41. EQUIPMENTS OF AC SYSTEM :
 COMPRESSOR :- Compress & delivers gas into condenser at a high pressure
& high temperature.
 CONDENSOR :- It cools the hot gas and liquidates it under pressure.
 EXPANSION VALVE :- It controls and regulates the rate of flow of liquid Freon
under high pressure.
 EVAPORATOR :- The cooling unit in which liquid Freon under low pressure
evaporators & in-doing so takes away the latent heat thereby cooling the
medium surrounding the cooling coil.

42. Air-Conditioning Comfort Factors :
In air-conditioning, the following factors decide comfort or discomfort for
human beings –
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Draft (velocity of air)
 Purity of air and noise

43. Travel Classes of Indian Railway
Indian railway uses the two types of coaches,
1. ICF (Integral Coach Factory)
2. LHB (Link Hofmann Busch) coaches.
ICF Coaches is a conventional railway bogie used on
the majority of Indian Railway main line passenger
coaches. The design of the bogie was developed by
ICF (Integral Coach Factory), Paramour, Chennai,
India. The ICF design refers to the conventional
design of coaches seen across trains in India.

44. LHB Coaches are the passenger compartments of Indian Railways that have
been developed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch of Germany. The coaches are designed
for an operating speed up to 160 km/h and could go up to 200 km/h. However,
they have been tested up to 180 km/h.

45. THANK YOU