AREA-SPECIFIC CROPPING SYSTEMS OF CHHATISGARH, INDIA IN RELATION TO FARMERS ECONOMY

1. By:Debasis Panda

2.  A system consists of several components, which are
closely related and interacting among themselves.
 A system is a group of interacting components,
operating together for a common purpose, capable of
reacting as a whole to external stimuli
What is a system

3. Cropping Pattern: It is the pattern of
crops for a given piece of land or
cropping pattern means the proportion of
area under various crops at a point of
time in a unit area or it indicated the
yearly sequence and spatial arrangements
of crops and follows in an area.
WHAT IS CROPPING PATTERN ?

4. AN EXAMPLE OF A CROPPING PATTERN

5.  It is defined, as the order in which the crops are
cultivated on a piece of land over a fixed period or
cropping system is the way in which different crops are
grown. In the cropping systems, sometimes a number
of crops are grown together or they are grown
separately at short intervals in the same field.
 Cropping system is cropping pattern +management
WHAT IS A CROPPING SYSTEM?

6.  Monocropping:Mono-cropping refers to growing only
one crop on a particular land year after year
 Monoculture: Practice of repetitive growing only crop
irrespective of its intensity as rice-rice-rice in Kerala,
West Bengal and Orissa.
 Multiple Cropping or polycropping: It is a cropping
system where two or three crops are gown annually on
the same piece of land using high input without
affecting basic fertility of the soil.

7. COWPEA MAIZE GROUNDNUT MULTILPE CROPPING

8.  RELAY CROPPING:Growing the succeeding crop
when previous crop attend its maturity stage-or-sowing
of the next crop immediately after the harvest of the
standing crops
 OVERLAPING CROPPING:: In this system, the
succeeding crop is sown in the standing crop before
harvesting.

9. SOME MAJOR CROPPING SYSTEMS OF INDIA
AND CHHATISGARH
 RICE-WHEAT
 RICE-RICE
 RICE-GRAM
 RICE -LATHYRUS
 RICE-MUSTARD
 RICE-CHICKPEA
 MAIZE-WHEAT
 MAIZE-GRAM
 SOYABEAN-WHEAT
 SOYABEAN-GRAM

10.  Rice based cropping system is a major cropping system
practiced in India, which include the rotation of crops
involving rice, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, sugarcane,
green manures, vegetables, etc. Various rice based
cropping systems have been reported from different
parts of India ranging from rice-rice-rice to rice
followed by different cereals, pulses, oil seeds,
vegetables and fiber crops.

11.  Rice-rice-pulse/oil seeds
 Rice-pulse-vegetable
 Rice-rice-fallow and rice-vegetable pattern
 Rice-fish system
 Rice-pulse-green manure
 Rice-pulse/oilseeds
 Rice-rice-rice
 Rice-rice
 Rice-pulse/green manure

12. RICE –WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEM
Rice–wheat cropping sequence (RWCS) is the worlds largest
agricultural production system occupying around 12.3 M ha
in India.The IGP region of India has RWCS spread over a
vast area spanning from Punjab in the Northwest to East up to
West Bengal .

13. OILSEED BASED CROPPING SYSTEM
Majority of oil seed grown are rainfed except
groundnut and mustard. These two crops are
preferred when irrigation water is a limiting factor
for rice and wheat

14.  Apart from different cropping systems
prevailing in Chhatisgarh we have to
consider the economic status of the
farmers
 Indian Farmers Classification
 In India, farmers were categorized into
following categories based on land
owning status,
 1. landless: No land in his or her name.
 2. marginal: less than 1 ha land
 3. small: 1-2 ha land
 4. Semi-medium: 2-4 ha land
 5. Medium: 4-6ha land
 6. large: above 6ha

15.  Small and marginal farmers, whose land
holdings are below 2 hectares, constitute
almost 80% of all Indian farmers, and more
than 90% of them are dependent on rain for
their crops.
 In terms of operational holdings, which
includes land owned, the land taken on lease,
the land taken on mortgage and any other
land cultivated by fair or unfair means, 1.6%
of farmers are in the large farmer category,
with average holding of 45 acres control 17%
of the total land.


16.  So the cropping systems are generally practiced but the
economic condition of farmer is to be considered for
prescribing a particular cropping system for a particular
farmer of a particular area.
 A best cropping system can help the farmer getting a
greater benefit with ecological sustainability. So for
higher productivity and greater benefit cropping system
plays a crucial role