The document provides a review for a US history midterm exam covering various topics from the 1850s including the causes of the Civil War, short term causes of the war, differences between the North and South in 1860, key battles and figures of the Civil War, and presidential and congressional reconstruction plans after the war. It also reviews westward expansion in the late 1800s and the growth of American industry pushing technological innovations and new business practices.

1. US HISTORY
MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW
December 2012

2. The 1850s
A Decade of Crisis
3.4

3. CausesoftheCivilWar
Struggle over
Slavery &
Abolition
Sharp
Economic,
Political &
Failure to
Social
Compromise
Differences
Causes b/w North &
South
of the
Civil War
Breakdown of Poor Political
Democracy Leadership

4. Short Term Causes of the War

5. Short Term Causes of the War

6. The Emerging Sectional Crisis

7. South & North Compared in 1860

8. The Civil War 1861-1865
1 2 Across
1. Grant's victory here allowed the North to
split the Confederacy in half
4. New National Currency Issued by the US
Government during the war
3 4 5
6. Lincoln's 1863 Proclamation offered this to
All Slaves under Confederate Control (but not
in the Border States)
8. Confederate President & Later Union
Prisoner
10. Historic PA Battle Site & Site of Famous
6 7 Lincoln Speech
12. 1st major battle of the Civil War
13. Confederate General Who Surrendered to
Grant at Appomattox VA
8
14. The single greatest cause of death during
9
the war
10 11 Down
2. Union General Who "Made Georgia Howl"
12 While on his Military Campaign of Georgia
and South Carolina
13 3. Legal Writs & Protection Against Unlawful
Imprisonment; Lincoln Suspended these for
1000s of Americans during the war
5. Style of Warfare; No Difference between
14
the enemies' army and the people that
support it; "Kill 'Em All & Let God Sort 'Em
Out"
7. Constitutional Amendment that Abolished
Slavery
9. Property - including slaves - seized by the
Union army during the war
11. 20 Years
EclipseCrossword.com

9. Union & confederate strengths & weaknesses
Socrative Quiz

10. Lincoln
Selects
Grant &
Sherman
Key Consequences
Lincoln 1863
of the War
Reelection Union
in 1864
End of Victories • Union is Preserved!
• Slavery is Abolished!
the • Over 600,000 KIA
Make
Georgia
War Confront
the
• Southern Farms,
Cities, Infrastructure
Enemy / in Ruin
Howl!
Total War
Sherman’s
March to
the Sea

11. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION
Lincoln’s Plan Johnson’s Plan

12. Freedom of Chance to
Travel Own Land
What Freedom Meant to
African Americans
Ability to form
New Freedom of
Organizations /
Educational Worship
Political Groups
Opportunities

13. The Black Codes
Selling a Freeman to Pay
His Fine at
Monticello, Florida
This 1867 drawing from a
northern magazine equates the
black codes with the
reinstitution of slavery. The
laws stopped short of re-
enslavement, but they did
sharply restrict blacks’
freedom. In Florida, as in
other southern states, certain
acts, such as breaking a labor
contract, were made criminal
offenses, the penalty for which
could be involuntary
plantation labor for a year.

14. “Worse Than Slavery”
Thomas
Nast,
Harper’s
Weekly,
1877

15. DATE LEGISLATION PURPOSE
1865 Freedman’s Bureau • Provides services for newly freed people
• Improve Education in the South
1865 13th Amendment • Abolishes Slavery
1866 Civil Rights Act • Outlaws the black codes
1867 Reconstruction Acts • Establishes Republican Reconstruction program
• Puts South Under Martial Law
1868 14th Amendment • Defines citizenship to include African Americans
• Guarantees equal protection under law
1870 Major Reconstructionrights to all male citizens
th
15 Amendment • Guarantees voting Legislation

16. The End of Reconstruction
• Controversy surrounding the
Election of 1876
• The Compromise of 1877

17. Voting Restrictions in the South
• Poll Taxes
• Literacy Tests
• Property
Qualifications
• Grandfather Clause
• Gerrymandering
• All White Primaries

18. Contrasting Views of Reconstruction:
President and Congress

19. Successes & Failures of Reconstruction
• Union is Restored • Legacy of Southern
bitterness
• South’s Economy • South is slow to
Grows/Diversifies Industrialize
• 14th & 15th • Black Codes / KKK
Amendments Persist in the South
• Southerner cycle of
• Freedman’s poverty / debt
Bureaus • South: De jure
• Improved Public Discrimination persists
Education • North: De facto
discrimination grows

20. Looking to the West
1860-1900
Chapter 7

21. LOOKING TO THE WEST
1860-1900
Chapter 14

22. PUSH FACTORS
• Displaced New England Farmers
• Soaring Land Prices & Taxes
• Black Codes & Jim Crow
• Legal Troubles
Westward Migration
PULL FACTORS
• Federal Laws
• Jobs
• Land Fever
• Wide Open Spaces
• Law & Order
• Easy Transportation
• Mineral Wealth

23. Settlementof the West
• Sioux
Plains Indians • Comanche
Western • Nez Perce
Indians • Shoshoni
Settlement of
the West
Descendants
of the Spanish
& Mexicans
Mormons

24. Horse Culture of the American West
Horse
Introduced by
Spanish in
1500s
Native
Americans
“Cowboys &
became more
Indians”
Nomadic &
Warlike
Created bitter Allowed
Enemies Plains Indians
among Native to Hunt Bison
Americans / Buffalo
Men
Dominated
Religious &
Military of
Life

25. Key Factors Resulting in Conquest of Native Americans in
the West
• Reservation Policy
• Indians surrendered ancestral lands
• Misunderstanding of Treaties
• Language / Cultural Conflict
• Intertribal Conflict
• Disease
• Increased Hunting / Cattle Grazing
• Impact of the Railroad

26. CoverSlide
The Expansion of
American Industry
Chapter 6

27. A TECHNOLOGICAL
INVENTION / INVENTOR /REVOLUTION
BENEFIT(S) DOWNSIDES
IDEA DEVELOPER
Oil Well, Drill
& Pump
Electric Power
& Light Bulb
Alternating
Current &
Transformers
Telegraphy
Telephone
Bessemer
Process

28. Business Tactics of the Late 1800s
 Vertical Consolidation
 Horizontal Consolidation
 Trusts
 Cartels
Interlocking Directorates
Pools

29. Late 19th Century
Industrialists:
Robber Barons
or
Captains of Industry?

30. The Impact of Big Business
Positive Effects Negative Effects
• Factories produce a • Workers face low
wide variety of goods wages and poor
for consumers to working conditions.
choose from. • Monopolies keep
• Many new jobs are prices high, and drive
created. small companies out
• Wealthy industrialists of business.
fund • Periods of expanding
charities, libraries, and prosperity are often
universities. followed by economic
hard times.