This document summarizes the differences between Spanish and English languages and the impact on a Spanish speaker, Jorge, learning English. It outlines phonological differences like certain vowel and consonant sounds that are challenging for Jorge. It provides examples of Jorge's errors such as omitting plural 's' or using incorrect verb tenses. The document concludes that Jorge will benefit from conversations with English speakers, ELL courses, and reading to improve his pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.

1. Data Analysis
&
Language
Comparison
Spanish English

4. L1 Impact
O Distinct languages but share patterns of
speech acquisition.
O Similar phonology but difficulty for
Spanish speakers when pronouncing sounds
lacking in Spanish.
O Distinct vowel sounds in Spanish become
an array of sounds in English.
O Intonation patterns are carried over
from Spanish to English.
O False cognates impact interlanguage as
well as words with multiple meanings.
O Absence of auxiliary verbs when Spanish
speakers speak or write (Shoebottom,
2011).

5. Examples of Jorge’s errors
DESCRIPTION OF ERROR JORGE'S ERROR EXAMPLE
1. Omitted s on a plural noun I am 23 year old.
2. Omission of a preposition I from Texas.
3. No [k] pronunciation. Texas (ˈtksəs)
ɛ
4. Improper preposition Now I live in Main Street.
5. Improper tense: needs past In Mexico I graduate.
tense -ed
6. Improper tense: needs I never have English.
irregular past tense.
7. Improper [ɪ] pronunciation English
8. Preposition not needed/ or *ing I am work in the area.
to be added to verb to make a
gerund.
9. Omission of a preposition I work the afternoon.
10. Omission of a preposition I not so well
11. Added unnecessary -s to a verb I comes here.
12. Double subject My amigos, they help.

6. Errors continued
13. Substitution of English My amigos, they help.
word
14. Improper [ð] pronunciation They help
15. Added unnecessary -s to a I likes work.
verb
16. Contraction is not I don like cold.
completed
17. Contraction not completed.I don know snow.
18. Wrong word choice I don't know snow.
19. Improper [ð] pronunciation They fun.
20. Missing verb They fun.
21. Improper verb. You is nice.
22. Contraction not completedYou welcome

7. As a beginning language learner,
Jorge had difficulty with
pronunciation. He could not
distinguish phonology between the
two languages. He did not hear a
difference between the pronunciation
of dare-there. They are phonetically
similar. He also stated several words
without the contractions. Spanish
speakers are not accustomed to
pronouncing the final “t”.

8. Instructional Implications
O Jorge will continue to learn through collaboration with
English speakers (Garcia, 1991).
O Discussion & conversation with friends & co-
workers will help Jorge with pronunciation.
O An adult ELL course would be helpful in Jorge’s
language acquisition.
O The most beneficial instruction will come through
reading (Freeman and Freeman, 2004).
O He will learn vocabulary and consciously recognize
words.
O Reading the newspaper

9. References
O Bilinguistics Inc. (2007) Typical Development of Speech in Spanish in
Comparison to English. www.Bilinguistics.com.
O Freeman, D. and Freeman Y. (2004). Essential Linguistics: What You
Need to Know to Teach Reading, ESL, Spelling, Phonics, and
Grammar. Heinneman.
O Garcia, Eugene E.(1991). The Education of Linguistically and Culturally
Diverse Students: Effective Instructional Practices. UC Berkeley:
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence. Retrieved
from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2793n11s
O Shoebottom, Paul. (2011) The Differences between Spanish and
English. Retrieved from Lecture Notes Online Web site:
http://www.esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/spanish.htm