Leadership skills help to find inner qualities that enhance the empowerment of students in different ways.

1. BACHELORS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)
LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
TOPIC: ABILITIES
GROUP NAME :
DAEEM SHANAZZER (BB-5872)
BASIT ALI (BB-6443)
COURSE CODE: MGT 513

2. ABILITY:
 Ability is possession of the means or skill to do something. It means talent, skill, or proficiency in a particular area
e.g., a man of exceptional ability. For example: The manager had lost his ability to motivate the players.
 Ability is the skills and qualities which make it possible to achieve a goal.
 Employees need to have certain abilities that will make them a valuable addition to an organization.

3. WHAT IS ABILITY IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
 According to Stephen P. Robbins, “Ability is an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.”
 According to Keith Davis, “Ability is the quality of being able to something, especially the physical, mental,
financial or legal power to accomplish something.”
 Alyssa McGonagall, a professor of psychology at Wayne State University said, “Workability is not about whether
people want to continue working, but whether they feel they can continue working at their jobs.”

4. WHAT IS ABILITY IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
 From a management standpoint, the issue is not whether people differ in terms of their abilities. They certainly
do.
 Ability is an individual’s capacity to master numerous tasks in a job.
 Organizations need to identify key abilities of employees that will lead to success, and employees need to have
certain abilities that will make them a valuable addition to an organization.

5. TYPES OF ABILITY:
 In Organizational Behavior, the 2 types of ability are; which organizations look for employees to have to depend
on the job requirements.
 Intellectual Ability Physical Ability.

6. INTELLECTUAL ABILITY:
 Intellectual ability is the capacity to do mental activities thinking and reasoning and problem-solving.
 The intellectual ability deals with mental capabilities such as excellent memory, verbal comprehension,
reasoning, analyzing, and problem-solving, which are all important elements of worker skill in companies.

7. THE SEVEN MOST FREQUENTLY CITED DIMENSIONS MAKING UP
INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES ARE:
Dimension Description
Number Aptitude It is an ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic.
Comprehension
It is the ability to understand what is read and heard
and the relationship of words to each other.
Perceptual Speed
It is a dying ability to identify visual similarities and
differences quickly and accurately.
Inductive
Reasoning
It is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a
problem and then solve the problem.
Deductive
Reasoning
It is the ability to see the logic and assesses the
implication of the art argument.
Special
Visualization
It is the ability to imagine how an object would look
like its position in space was changed.
Memory It is the ability to retain and recall past experiences.

8. ADVANTAGES OF INTELLECTUAL ABILITY:
 Verbal reasoning and numerical tests have shown high validity for a wide range of jobs.
 The validity rises with the increasing complexity of the job.
 It may be administered in group settings where many applicants can be tested at the same time.
 Scoring of the tests may be completed by computer scanning equipment.
 Lower cost than personality tests.

9. PHYSICAL ABILITY:
 Physical ability is the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, desired, strength and similar characteristics.
 It can identify individuals who are physically able to perform the essentials function of a job without risking injury
to others.

10. THE SEVEN MOST FREQUENTLY CITED DIMENSIONS MAKING UP PHYSICAL
ABILITIES ARE
Factor Description
Dynamic Strenght Ability to exert muscular force continuously over time.
Trunk Strenght Ability to exert muscular using trunk muscles.
Static Strenght Ability to exert force against external objects.
Explosive Strenght
Ability to expand a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive
acts.
Extent Flexibility Ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible.
Dynamic Flexibility Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements.
Body co-ordination
Ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the
body.
Balance Ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance.
Stamina
Ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged efforts over
time.

11. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PHYSICAL ABILITIES:
 Advantages
 It can result in decreased costs related to disability/medical claims, insurance, and
 workers compensation.
 Decreased absenteeism
 Disadvantages
 Costly to administer
 Requirements must be shown to be job-related through a thorough job analysis.
 May have an age-based disparate impact against older applicants,

12. JOB - FIT ABILITY:
 Ability-job fit can be defined as the “fit between the abilities of a person and the demands of a job, or the
desires of a person and the attributes of a job”.

13. BASIC ABILITY FACTORS:
 Strength factors/ personal factor:
 Other factors/ Environmental factor:
 Flexibility factor/Organization factor:
Biological
characteristics
Age
Gender
Religion
Marital status
Experience
Learned
characteristics
Personality
Perception
Values & Norms
Economic Factor
Employment level, Wages rates, General
economic factor
Physical Facilities
Structure & Design, Leadership, Reward
system

14. CONCEPTS OF ABILITY AND THEIR EFFECT ON APPROACHES TO LEARNING AND
MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATION AND BASIC STRUCTURE OF WORK RELEVANT ABILITIES:
 According to Dweck: Individuals develop beliefs that structure their world. These individual beliefs or meaning
systems impact how the person feels, thinks, and acts in each situation.
 Campbell, Hyne, and Nilsen says that "Little is known about the structure of skills compared with the structure of
interests“.
 Using ability and interest measures to help people identify and explore personally relevant occupational options
would be easier if abilities, interests, and occupations had the same basic structure.

15. CONCLUSION:
 Ability is a matter of perception.
 The perceptions of a wise and a fool differ sharply. The opinion of a wise person is valued much. The perception
of a fool is baseless, hence it is summarily rejected.
 Similarly, a child may say that it is able. In fact it is not able. Here maturity is a factor.
 A patient may think he can walk or run. But, in realty he cannot.
 The psyche of an old person is faster than his physique. He cannot realise it. Wrong calculation of ability causes
mishap.