1. Leсture #4
Theme: Kyrgyz and
Kyrgyzstan in the period
of Mongolian.
Compiled by: Senior Instructor
Adylbekova Bekzada
2. Lecture Plan
O1. The first Mongol tribes in the
territory of Kyrgyzstan: Karakitai
and Naiman.
O2. Chingiz Khan and his empire.
Kyrgyz and Kyrgyzstan as part of the
Mongol Empire. Chagatai ulus.
State Hajdu. Mogolistan and Kyrgyz.
3. O Since the mid-10th century in Central Asia to the
political and historical arena went out Mongol tribes.
These were nomadic Karakitai or Kidane. They in 916
created their own state - Liao. It existed still 1125.
They were broken by Jurchens. The heir to the throne,
Ye-lu Dashi with his tribe and a small detachment fled
to the west and stopped at the Emil River. At that
time, the East Karakhanid Khanate was living out his
last days in Central Asia. The nomadic tribes often
raided on Khanate, and Hagan could not give them
back. In 1132 the last East Karakhanid Kagan
appealed to the Ye-lu Dashi - the leader of the
Karakitaj. Ye-lu Dashi recovered quickly and easily
took power in Karakhanids. Throughout the eastern
Karakhanids there was established the rule of
Karakitaj. In 1141 they captured and West
Karakhanid Khanate.
4. O Thus arose the first state of Mongolian tribes in Central Asia
and in the territory of Kyrgyzstan. The state of Karakitaj
called - Si Liao (Liao West). The governor held the title -
gurkhan. Their capital was Balasagyn.
O In 1208 in Kyrgyzstan there was another Mongolian tribe -
Naiman, who fled from Chingiz Khan. At the head of the
Naiman was prince Kuchlug. He entered the service of
Karakital gurkhan and married his daughter. But in 1210
the position of Karakitaj has become severe, Kuchlug killed
gurkhan, captured his power. But the power of Naiman kept
by force of arms. They ruled here not for long. In 1218
Mongolian army which sent by Chingiz Khan, pitched
Naiman. Kuchlug was killed. Thus, the Karakitaj (Kidane)
and Naiman were the first Mongol tribes, who before
Chingiz Khan appeared on the territory of Kyrgyzstan.
5. Chingiz Khan and his empire.
Since the end of the XII century there went the process
of unification of Mongolian tribes in Mongolia. At the
head of this process was Temujin from the tribe
Bordzhigin. As a result, in 1206 there was convened all
Mongolian Kurultai where Temujin was elected as
Mongolian Khan and received the name of Chingiz
Khan. He has created a strong mobile army and
launched aggressive campaigns. In 1207, the Mongol
tribes came to the border of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. At that
time, there were several small principalities the Kyrgyz
people. Kyrgyz rulers realized that they could not offer
resistance to the Mongols. Therefore, they took the
power of the Mongols without a fight. So Yenisei Kyrgyz
were in the empire of Chingiz Khan.
6. Chingiz Khan and his empire.
O In 1218 Yenisei Kyrgyz revolt against the Mongols, but the
rebellion was brutally suppressed. Central Asia and
Kyrgyzstan was conquered by Chingiz Khan for 3 years in
1219-1222. Many flourishing cities were destroyed and
turned into pasture. After that Chingiz Khan divided his vast
empire into Uluses and headed them with his sons.
Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia has been given to the second
son of Chingiz Khan to Chagatai and was named Chagatai
ulus. The western territory of Khorezm was given to the
eldest son, Jochi. Third son Ogedei got Western Mongolia
and Dzungaria. Tuluy, the younger son got his father's yurt, ie
indigenous Mongolian land. Chingiz Khan died in 1227. The
father's throne by his will inherit Ogedei - the third son of
Chingiz Khan. But after Ogedei’s death in 1241 began feuds
in the Mongol Empire.
7. Chingiz Khan and his empire.
O The war was between the grandchildren and great-
grandchildren of Chingiz Khan. This led to the collapse of
the empire into several mutually independent states. In
1269 Chingizids of Chagatai and Ugedei uluses convened
the Kurultai in Talas. In kurultai originated new state. The
grandson of Ogedei, Hajdu was elected the head of state.
Therefore, the state emerged called - State Hajdu. The
structure of the state included all the territory of the
Chagatai and Ugedei uluses. The capital city was
Tarsakent, near the present Bishkek. Hajdu Khan was
independent from the Great Khan (Kublai Khan) and
waged war with him. At that time, the Yenisei Kyrgyz
revolted and became independent until 1293. Hajdu kept
the Yenisei Kyrgyz. In 1293 Kublai Khan sent a punitive
expedition against the Kyrgyz people, who subjected the
Kyrgyz people, eliminating their state. The detachment
which was sent by Hajdu Khan for help to the Kyrgyz
people on the road was defeated by the Mongols. So Hajdu
could provide real assistance to the Kyrgyz.
8. Chingiz Khan and his empire.
O Hajdu Khan held the tax and monetary reform in the
state. This strengthened the position of the state.
But after the death of Hajdu (1301) in his state
began a long war for power that led to the
disintegration of the state. By the 40th of 14 century
the State Hajdu finally was broken into two parts: the
western part (Maurya) retained the title Chagatai
ulus, and the state Mogolistan originated in the east
( "Land Moguls"). As Moguls local Muslim population
called Mongol tribes. Mogolistan originated in 1348.
The founder of the state was the local ruler of the
tribe duglat - Emir Puladchy. Since he was not
Chingizid, he could not be Khan. Therefore, the first
Mogolistan Khan was elected Chingizid Togluk -Timur
9. O The capital city of Mogolistan was Ak-Suu. In 1354
Tughlugh Timur was declared Islam as the state
religion of Mogolistan. Kyrgyzstan was part of the
Mogolistan. Kyrgyz people at that time lived on the
territory of eastern Mogolistan and were a warlike
tribe. They were also called the Moguls, and for
bravery - "wild lions of Mogolistan". Kyrgyz were
different from Moguls with their religion. They were
Gentiles.
O In 1370 in Maurya Tamerlane came to power. He
made five military campaigns against Mogolistan,
including the territory of Kyrgyzstan. But he could not
completely subdue the Kyrgyz and Mongols. He died
in 1405.
