6. Newton Explains the Law of Gravity
____________ described the law of gravity
showed that the same force affected the motion of planets and
things on Earth
8. S E C T I O N 2 :
T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T I N E U R O P E
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789
9. Two Views on Government
____________ – Intellectual movement
Use reason and scientific method
10. Thomas Hobbes
____________= war “every man against every
man”
____________– Agreement where people give up right to
government to live safely
Believed; best government = ________________________
11. John Locke
People had 3 natural rights:
____________________________________
Government must protect those rights
12. The Philosophes Advocate Reason
____________ – Social Critics in France
5 main beliefs
Find truth using reason
Acting according to nature brings happiness
Using scientific view can make life better
13. ____________
Writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of
religious belief, and freedom of speech
16. Women and the Enlightenment
Enlightenment ideas were for men
________________________– Author who
wrote about women’s rights
17. Legacy of the Enlightenment
Influenced American and French Revolutions
Use reason to make society better
Importance of individuality
18. S E C T I O N 3 :
T H E E N L I G H T E N M E N T S P R E A D S
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789
19. A World of Ideas
1700’s, Paris was cultural center of Europe
____________ – Social gatherings for discussing ideas or
art
____________ – huge set of books with info about
the known world
Banned by church
They later changed their minds
Helped spread ideas
21. New Artistic Styles
Enlightenment ideas of order and reason
Borrowed ideas from ________________________
Style called ____________
22. Music
Classical Music comes from 1700’s
Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig
von Beethoven
• New types: sonata and symphony
24. Enlightenment and Monarchy
Most of Europe ruled by Absolute Monarchs
________________________– Ruler who
supported Enlightenment but not give up power
Rulers respected people’s rights
25. Fredrick the Great of Prussia
Religious freedom
Reformed Justice system
26. Joseph II of Austria
Once he died, the nobles who owned the lands were
able to undo this reform
27. Catherine the Great of Russia
Tried to reform laws
Met with resistance
Tried to end serfdom
Bloody peasant rebellion
changed her mind
Gained new land
28. S E C T I O N 4 :
T H E A M E R I C A N R E V O L U T I O N
Chapter 22
Enlightenment & Revolution,
1550-1789
29. Britain and Its American Colonies
Population:
1700:
1770:
Colonies accounted for
____________
31. NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
French and Indian war was expensive
Stamp Act: ________________________
Colonists upset because they were NOT represented in
parliament
32. Boycott British Goods
1765, Colonists boycott
British goods
Parliament imposed more
taxes
Led to protests
Threw $1 Million in tea in to
Boston Harbor
33. Americans go to War
Boston Tea party angered Great Britain
Colonies create an Army: Continental Army
General: ________________________
34. Declaration of Independence
________________________wrote Declaration
of Independence July 4, 1776
Based on ________________________
35. American Revolution
1775-1781 British fought Americans in North
America
Colonists had:
Great Britain was one of the most powerful nations in the
world
36. Americans Win Independence
British grew tired of the cost of war
1783, Treaty of Paris : _____________________
37. Americans Create a Republic
13 colonies became 13 states
Government: Articles of Confederation
38. 1787, The Constitution
Many Enlightenment ideas
Each branch of government limits the power of the others
40. The Constitution
____________:
First ten amendments
to the constitution
____________: Put
power in the people’s
hands
____________: Protect
freedom of speech and
religion
____________: Fair
justice system