volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges

1. EARTHQUAKES,
VOLCANOES,
MOUNTAIN RANGES

2. WHAT ARE THE
EFFECTS OF PLATE
MOVEMENTS?
1. Earthquakes
2. Volcanoes
3. Mountain ranges
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3. EARTHQUAKES
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4. EARTHQUAKE
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- A sudden and violent
SHAKING OF THE
GROUND, sometimes
causing great
destruction, as a result
of movements within
the earth’s crust or
volcanic action.

5. EARTHQUAKE
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• NEAR the EPICENTER, STRONGER
earthquake
• AWAY from the EPICENTER, WEAKER
earthquake

6. • Magnitude is a measurement of the size of the earthquake as measured by
waves or fault displacement.
- energy released by an earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from
earthquakes recorded by an instrument called SEISMOGRAPH.
• Intensity is a measurement of how much shaking has occurred as measured by
levels of observable destruction of man-made and natural objects.
- It is the strength of an earthquake perceived and felt by people in a certain
locality. Intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.
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7. EARTHQUAKE
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EARTHQUAKES release SEISMIC
WAVES that travel in all
directions, AWAY from the
epicenter.

8. TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES

9. TYPES OF SEISMIC
WAVES
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a wave of acoustic energy that travels
through the Earth. It can result from an
earthquake, volcanic eruption, magma
movement, a large landslide, and a large
man-made explosion that produces low-
frequency acoustic energy.
1. SURFACE WAVES
- surface waves can only move
along the surface of the planet like
ripples on water.

10. TYPES OF SEISMIC
WAVES
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2. BODY WAVES
- Body waves can travel through
the earth’s inner layers
a. P waves (PRIMARY WAVES)
- fastest wave (first to arrive at
seismic station)
b. S waves (SECONDARY WAVES)
- arrives second

11. TYPES OF SEISMIC
WAVES
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Seismic waves move more
slowly through a liquid than a
solid. Molten areas within the
Earth slow down P waves and
stop S waves because their
shearing motion cannot be
transmitted through a liquid.

12. How can earthquakes be detected?
Persons who study and
monitors earthquakes.
SEISMIC STATION
- a place where the
seismologist study about
earthquakes and monitors
the occurrence of it.
SEISMOLOGISTS
Earthquake monitoring
instrument which records the
seismic waves of the
earthquake.
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SEISMOGRAPH
A record made by a
seismograph
SEISMOGRAM

13. Where do earthquakes usually happen?
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14. LET’S LOCATE THE EPICENTER!
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15. VOLCANOES
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16. VOLCANO
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- is an opening in the
Earth’s crust through
which lava, volcanic
ash, and gases escape

17. Where are Active Volcanoes usually
located?
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18. RING OF FIRE
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19. RING OF FIRE
• A path along the Pacific Ocean
characterized by active
volcanoes and frequent
earthquakes.
• 75% of Earth’s volcanoes -----
more than 450 volcanoes -----
and 90% of Earth’s earthquakes
occur along its path
• The abundance of volcanoes
and earthquakes along the Ring
of Fire is caused by the amount
of movement of tectonic plates
in the area. The plates along the
Ring of Fire are actively moving. 19

20. VOLCANIC HOTSPOTS
an area in the mantle from
which heat rises as a
thermal plume from deep in
the Earth. High heat and
lower pressure at the base
of the lithosphere (tectonic
plate) facilitates melting of
the rock. This melt, called
magma, rises through
cracks and erupts to form
volcanoes.
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22. MOUNTAIN RANGE
• Mountains that are connected to each
other.
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23. Where can you find mountain ranges?
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24. What can you say about the distribution
or location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and
mountain ranges?
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25. Presentation title 25

26. APPLICATION
• What will you experience if you live near volcanoes or along plate
boundaries?
• What can you do to lessen the damage caused by volcanic activity and
earthquakes?
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27. Summary
Most volcanoes, earthquakes, and
mountain ranges form along plate
boundaries where there are movements
that occur. Where there are volcanoes,
there are lots of earthquakes.
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28. Thank you
CHRISTINE JOY M. GIMENO