Package of practices, calender of Operation and cost of cultivation for Red gram

1. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS),
PRAYAGRAJ - 211007
NainiAgricultural Institute
SUBMITTED TO :-
DR. rajesh singh SIR
ASSOCIATE professor
Dept. Of agronomy, Nai, shuats
SUBMITTED BY :-
20BSCAGH378-390 (GROUP vii)
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON
red gram

2. 2
SEMESTER :- 5TH B.Sc.(hons)Agriculture section :- c
ID NO. Name
20BSCAGH378 M VAMSI MADHAV
20BSCAGH379 PIYUSH RAJ
20BSCAGH380 DEEPENDRA PRATAP SINGH
20BSCAGH381 UNNAVA RAMA KRISHNA
20BSCAGH382 SWARNIM BHARTI
20BSCAGH383 AKSIN K STEPHEN
20BSCAGH384 B SRINATH REDDY
20BSCAGH385 SUBHANKAR MISHRA
20BSCAGH386 BOGA PRANAY BABU
20BSCAGH387 SANGEPU MOHAN BABU
20BSCAGH388 VS VIDHYADHAR REDDY
20BSCAGH389 CHAPALA PURNIMA
20BSCAGH390 ADITYA RAJ
TOPIC :- Package of practices, Calendar of operations and cost of
cultivation

3. Introduction : red gram
 Redgram (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)is commonly known as arhar.
It is consumed in the form of split pulse as dal .After chickpea, redgram is
the second most important pulse crop
FAMILY: Fabaceae
ORDER: Fabales
ORIGIN:Africa
GENUS: Cajanus
SPECIES: Cajun
AREA: 4.01 Million Hectares
PRODUCTION: 2.65 MillionTonnes
PRODUCTIVITY: 661 Ka/Hectare
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4. Land preparation
Land should be prepared to fine tilth by ploughing 2 to 3 times followed by
harrowing.
Red gram being a deep rooted crop respond well to proper tilth.
A deep ploughing by soil turning plough followed by 2-3 discing and harrowing
followed by planking is essential.
Soil should be well leveled so that water stagnation does not take place.
Weeds should be properly removed, well tilled and properly drained
Tools which is used while preparing land is rake ,spade, hand hoe, khurpi.

5. Soil And Climate
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 The most favorable temperature range is 18-30ºC.The crop is
grown at a wide range of elevation.
 Mainly grown in tropical and sub tropical climate
 Red gram can be grown in almost all soil types that are not very
poor in lime and are not subjected to water logging.
 The crop may be grown on only type of soil but sandy loam to
clayey loam soils is supposed to be best.
 Soil must be very deep, well drained and free from soluble salts in
them.

6. Seed Treatment
 Treat the seeds with Carbendazim orThiram @ 2 g/kg of
seed 24 hours before sowing (or) with talcformulation of
Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (or) Pseudomonas
fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed.
 Bio control agents are compatible with biofertilizers.
 First treat the seeds with biocontrol agents andthen with
rhizobium.
 Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible.
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7. Seed and Sowing
VARIETIES :
 Medium Duration : LRG-41, ICP-8863, ICPL-332. ICPL-
87119. MRG-66,ICPL-85063
 Short Duration : ICPL-84031 (Durga), ICPL-85010
 Early maturing varieties : First fortnight of June
 Medium/Late maturing varieties : Second fortnight of
June
 Line sowing by seed-drill or desi plough By dibbling on
the ridge and bed
 We have used a short duration variety : ICP-8863
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8. 8
Spacing And Seed Rate
Seed rates:
Medium DurationVarieties : 5-10 kg/ha
SPACING : 150 to 240 X 20 cm (depending on soil type)
DURATION: take 120−140 days
Short DurationVarieties : 15-18 kg/ha
SPACING : 90 X 20 cm (black soils ) or 60 X 20 cm (light soils)
DURATION: take 100−120 days

9. Nutrient management
o Treat the seeds required for sowing 1 hectare with rhizobial culture -
CRR6,CPR9,phospho bacteria and PGPR.
o FYM : Soil application of micro nutrient mixture @5kg/hectare enriched FYM.
o Fertilizers basally before sowing.
o Rainfed : 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S*/ha
o Irrigated : 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S*/ha

10. 10
IRRIGATION
 Irrigate immediately after sowing, 3rd day after
sowing, bud initiation, 50% flowering and pod
development stage
 Flowering and pod formation stages are most
critical for moisture stress. Light irrigations at
abovestages enhance the yield.
 Water stagnation should be avoided

11. thinning AND GAP FILLING
 If two seeds were sown, leave only one healthy and vigorous seedling
per hole and remove the other on the 12-15 days after sowing.
 Where seedlings have not germinated, dibble presoaked seeds at the
rate of 2 seeds per hole and immediately irrigate.

12. WEED management
 Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (2.5 litres/ha) on
3 DAS mixed with 500litres of water using Backpack/Knapsack/Rocker
sprayer using flat fan deflector type of nozzle.
 Then irrigate the field.
 Following this, one hand weeding may be given on 30-35 DAS

13. Major Insect Pest : Red Gram
Pod borer
 Causing organism : Helicoverpa armigera
 Order : Lepidoptera
 Family : Noctuidae
 • Damage symptoms of Redgram pod borer
* Defoliation in early stages
* Larva’s head alone thrust inside the pods and the rest of the body hanging out.
* Pods with round holes
* When the disease increases,these spots become large and interconnected with each
other

14. DISEASES OF REDGRAM
 WILT OF REDGRAM
 Symptoms
 Leaves initially pale, loose their turgidity, droop down and finally results in large scale
withering .
 Gradual or sudden wilting from bottom to top is observed.
 Entire plant wilts or dies within a few days.
 The disease incidence occurs in patches in the field.
 Dark streaks are seen when the bark of stem below the soil level and tap root are
removed.
 The affected stem exhibit vascular browning indicating xylem plugging with mycelia.
 The disease is soil borne.

15. PREVENTION OF DISEASE ,INSECT AND PEST
• Install pheromone traps at a distance of 50 m @ 5 traps/ha for
each insect pest.
• Sow tall sorghum as comparison crop to serve as biological bird
perches.
• Dimethaoite@30%EC ,1237ml/hectare or neem oil 2% used in
prevention of Redgram pod fly.
• Avoid closer plant spacing.
• Soil amendment with sawdust helps to preventWilt of
Redgram.

16. HARVESTING,THRESHING
& STORAGE
HARVESTING
 Redgram is an intermediate growth type and thereby the growth is continued
with reproductive phase. The best time of harvesting of the crop is when over 75
per cent of pods turn brown.
THRESHING
 Threshing is done both manually and mechanically. Manual threshing involves
beating vines and pods with sticks to separate out the seed, and in some places
by cattle trampling.
STORAGE
 Grain should be dried in the sun so that moisture content is reduced to around 10
per cent. Dried grains should be stored in dry clean stores or gunny bags.
YIELD
AVERAGE YIELD :-
6-8 qlt/ha

17. CROP CALENDER
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Details of raising test crop
The schedule of different pre and post sowing/planting operations carried out
in the experimental field has been given in table –
Chronological record of agro-techniques implement (calendar of operations )
during RED GRAM experiment.
Field allotment took place on 27-08-22
Healthy RED GRAM seeds were taken
120 days crop is selected for sowing
Plot size 3m*4m = 12msq

18. 18

19. COST OF CULTIVATION

20. Cost OF Cultivation
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COST OF CULTIVATION: Rs. 20,261/-
YIELD: 6.25 Qtl/ha
COST OF PRODUCTION: Rs. 6470 /-
GROSS RETURN: 6.25 Qtl/ha x 6470 =
Rs. 40,437.5 /-
NET PROFIT: Rs. 40,437.5 – 20,261 =
Rs. 20,176.5 /-

21. Thanks
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"Agriculture is our wisest pursuit, because it will
in the end contribute most to real wealth, good
morals & happiness."