TRANSFORMER PRESENTATION

1. TRANSFORMER
SUBMITTED BY :- CHINMOY DEY
SOUMEN ROUT

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER
 PARTS OF TRANSFORMER

3. INTRODUCTION
A transformer is a passive component that
transfers electrical energy from one electrical
circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.

4. Working principle of Transformer
Transformer works on Faraday's law of
mutual induction. Faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction states that, when a
change takes place in the magnetic flux which
is linked with a circuit, an electromotive force
current will induce in the circuit.

5. PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
Core & Windings
Insulating materials
Tap changer
Conservator
Breather
Cooling tubes
Buchholz relay
Explosion vent

6. Core & Windings
The center of a transformer is called the core.
Here, the electricity flows through a primary
winding creating a magnetic flux. As the
magnetic field cuts through the secondary
winding, the secondary winding picks up the
voltage. The power is stepped-up or down in
relation to the amount of turns of each
winding.

7. Insulating materials
The solid insulation materials widely used in
the transformer are paper, press- board, and
transformer board, which are formed from the
cellulose found in plants. Cellulose insulation
with mineral oil has played a major role as the
main insulation system for transformers for a
very long time.

8. Tap changer
The purpose of a tap changer is to regulate the
output voltage of a transformer. It does this by
altering the number of turns in one winding
and thereby changing the turns ratio of the
transformer. There are two types of
transformer tap changers: an on-load tap
changer (OLTC) and a deenergised tap
changer (DETC).

9. Conservator Tank
The Conservator Tank of a transformer is
defined simply as a cylindrical tank mounted
on the roof of the transformer main tank. It is
used to provide enough space for the oil in the
transformer to spread after heating.

10. Breather and silica gel
A silica gel breather is a device used to
protect electrical equipment, such as
transformers and switchgear, from moisture
and other contaminants. It is a cylindrical
container filled with silica gel beads that
absorb moisture from the air as it passes
through the breather.

11. Cooling tubes
The system includes external radiator tubes
with air cooling from fans installed on
transformer tank walls. The fans suck the air
from below and direct it to the top part of the
tubes, cooling the hot oil. If the nominal load
is below 100%, this cooling system can
operate with the fans off.

12. Buchholz relay
The Buchholz relay is contained in a cast
housing which is connected in the pipe to the
conservator, as in figure shown. A typical
Buchholz relay will have two sets of contacts.
One is arranged to operate for slow
accumulations of gas, the other for bulk
displacement of oil in the event of a heavy
internal fault.

13. Explosion vent
An explosion vent is a pipe, 4′′ in diameter or
greater, that extends a few feet above the
cover of a transformer and is curved toward
the ground at the outlet end of the pipe. A
diaphragm fitted at the curved end breaks at a
relatively low pressure to release the forces
from within the transformer.